Study Guide Exam I CSD 306K REVIEW SYLLABUS Look at Audiograms on CD For the test it is good to know the different types and degrees of hearing loss Know the definition of a dialect and how it differs from a language Dialect a variation of language that is understood by all speakers of that language Ex Y all instead of you all Social and geographic patterns affect dialect higher class decides which dialect is politically correct Know the difference between receptive and expressive language Receptive what you get Expressive what you give Also know the difference between a speech language delay difference and disorder Communication Difference communication abilities that differ from those usually encountered in mainstream culture no evidence of impairment Language Delay late talkers 50 words at 2 catch up 50 will be within the normal range at age 5 Language disorder person has problems expressing needs ideas or information and or in understanding what others say Speech disorder Person has problems producing speech sounds correctly or fluently or has problems with his or her voice Focus on what an audiologist SLP speech hearing scientist and deaf educator do and how they differ NOT WAGES Speech Language Hearing Scientist Academic preparation Conduct research investigate anatomical physiological and perceptual factors underlying communication Knowledge of basic processes of speech language and hearing underlies our understanding of disability Speech Language Pathologist SLPs provide assessment and rehabilitation services to patients from birth to old age Speech Language Swallowing dysphagia difficulty or discomfort in swallowing as a symptom of disease Speech language pathologists provide clinical services that include the following screening individuals for hearing loss or middle ear pathology using conventional pure tone air conduction providing intervention and support services for children and adults diagnosed with speech and language disorders SLPs are NOT ALLOWED to fit or select hearing devices this is in the scope of practice for audiologists only Audiologist person in the field of research and clinical practice devoted to the study of hearing disorders assessment of hearing hearing conservation and aural rehabilitation Providing intervention and support services for children and adults diagnosed with auditory processing disorders Counseling individuals families co workers educators and other persons in the community regarding acceptance adaptation and decision making about communication and swallowing Facilitating the process of obtaining funding for equipment and services related to difficulties with communication and swallowing Know how the World Health Organization WHO differentiates the following an impairment a difference a disability and a handicap Again although there may appear to be some overlap between these there are key differences that we discussed in class Impairment also known as disorder any loss or abnormality of psychological or anatomical structure or function Disability A reduced competence in meeting daily living needs Handicap A social educational or occupational disadvantage that results from an impairment or disability Know a couple examples of a speech or language disorder and know a couple examples of dialects Speech Language Disorders o Cleft Palate nasal loss of air during consonant production abnormal resonance speech sounds and production errors o Cerebral Palsy articulation and voice disorders associated with abnormal muscle function in children o Fluency Disorder stuttering Dialects o Canadian out and about the house o Northeastern park the car Merry Mary Marry o Brooklyn dis dat dese dose dem Know the difference between frequency pitch intensity and loudness Frequency The greater the frequency of the wave the higher the pitch Frequency refers to the amount of cycles per second the sound wave makes Pitch how high or low a sound is in Hertz Hz High pitch sounds are usually harder to hear such as women and children s voices Intensity Loudness represents the decibels dB of the sound being produced how amplified the wave is Also know the frequencies or sounds that the different types of hearing loss have difficulty hearing Includes sensorineural conductive central and mixed sounds such as nasals etc High frequency sensory neural tonotopic organization high frequency hair cells come first in the cochlea Low frequency conductive hearing loss Know the domains of language Domains of Language are syntax morphology pragmatics phonology and semantics Know the differences in the types of communication disorders and communication differences Communication Disorder any communication structure or function diminished to a certain degree Communication Difference Communication abilities differ from mainstream culture ex Bilingualism Acquired Disorder Resulting from brain trauma Functional Disorder Physical cause can t be found Organic Disorder has a physical cause after birth Congenial Disorder born with it Know the generation and propagation of the sound and its physical properties including wavelength frequency period amplitude Frequency how many cycles can happen in a certain amount of time cycles per second Wavelength the distance from a particular height on the wave to the next spot on the wave where it is at the same height and going in the same direction Amplitude half the wave height Period the time it takes for two successive wave crests to pass a given point ASHA ETHICS Know the different types of bilingualism and what differentiates the types Elective Study language and choose to live where that language is Circumstantial Forced to immigrate to another country and must Simultaneous Learning two languages at the same time children primarily spoken learn the language in bilingual household Sequential Learn first language and then learn the second language in school or as an adult Know the difference between a dialect a pidgin and an accent Dialect a variation of language that is understood by all speakers of that language Pidgin a grammatically simplified form of a language used for communication between people not sharing a common language Pidgins have a limited vocabulary some elements of which are taken from local languages and are not native languages but arise out of language contact between speakers of other languages Accent a distinctive mode of pronunciation of a language especially one associated with a particular nation locality or social