Review Sheet CSD306K for Exam 3 Note Please review your PowerPoint slides your in class notes from lecture the textbook and corresponding information on the CD that comes with the textbook Chapter 7 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 and Chapter 12 are the resources for this exam Stuttering What is the gender ratio for stuttering Ratio of male to female 3 1 What are different characteristics of stuttering in speech blocking prolongations whole word repetitions Whole word repetitions She she she isn t coming with us Sound and syllable repetitions Sh sh sh she isn t coming with us Sound Prolongations Shhhhhhhhe isn t coming with us Blocks inaudible sound prolongations D Dad isn t coming with us What are secondary behaviors of stuttering Counterproductive behaviors as people try to avoid primary stuttering behaviors Looking away Open jaw Purse lips Eye blinks Facial grimaces Change words Limb movements Don t talk Good listener Become more automatic Often more distracting than primary behaviors Tend to increase with age Know the general characteristics of a fluency disorder Sound or Syllable Repetition SSR The repetition of a sound e g s s s s stand The repetition of a syllable e g ba ba ba baby Whole Word Repetition WWR The repetition of a single syllable word e g I I I I Audible Sound Prolongations ASP The prolongation of a sound e g sssssssssssit Inaudible Sound Prolongations ISP The inaudible prolongation of a sound e g g good Stuttering An atypical disruption in the forwardflow of speech Acquired neurogenic stuttering Adult onset as a result of brain injury emotional trauma neurological disease Cluttering Rapid bursts of dysrhythmic unintelligible speech Cleft Palate Resonance 1 1 If a child is born w cleft lip cleft palate when is the lip typically repaired When is the palate typically repaired Clefts of the lip are usually repaired surgically w in the 1st 3 months of life Clefts of the palate are typically repaired at around 12 months of age aka Chelioplasty aka Palatoplasty A majority of clefts involve which of the following structures lip palate uvula tongue o 25 Clefts of 1 side unilateral or both sides bilateral of lip o 25 Clefts of palate only o 50 Clefts of lip palate When is an Obturator used What is a pharyngeal flap Used to seal an Opening in the palate i e cleft palate Surgical procedure in which a flap of tissue from the back wall of the throat is raised inserted into the velum soft palate Reduce hypernasality nasal emission Provides for a constantly present veil over the velopharyngeal port If velopharyngeal closure is insufficient what sound class would be the most difficult to produce stops fricatives vowels nasals Non nasals Vowels or Fricatives from the book It makes you hypernasal so that you sound too nasally usually on vowels Its possible to be hyponasal on consonants The production of vowels will be accompanied by inappropriate resonances associated with coupling of the oral and nasal cavities Attempts at producing consonants will result in the audible escape of air through the nose Fricatives are hard produced by retracting the base of the tongue near the back of the throat to create a constriction through which air is forced Stops are hard because it requires contact between tongue and back of Know what hyponasality is how it would sound for example how would sounds be throat diff in terms of resonance Lack of nasal resonance for the 3 phonemes m n ng resulting from a partial or complete obstruction in the nasal tract Cold plugging the nose e g the substitution of b for m and d for n Know what hypernasality is how it would sound for example how would sounds be diff in terms of resonance Excessively undesirable amount of perceived nasal cavity resonance during phonation Voice What is a laryngectomy 2 2 Surgical removal of the larynx What is a stoma A small opening such as the mouth an artificial opening between cavities or canals or btwn such the surface of the body in this context most likely small hole into trachea What is spasmodic dysphonia SD Rare disorder Neurological problem involving a disturbance in the basal ganglia that causes disordered muscle tonicity dystonia 2 Types Adductor SD vocal cords closed and vibrating when adducted Abrupt uncontrolled spasmodic contractions of the adductor muscles resulting in a strain strangle voice quality FROM WIKI sudden involuntary muscle movements or spasms cause the vocal folds or vocal cords to slam together and stiffen 1 These spasms make it difficult for the vocal folds to vibrate and produce voice Words are often cut off or are difficult to start because of the muscle spasms Therefore speech may be choppy but differs from stuttering The voice of an individual with adductor spasmodic dysphonia is commonly described as strained or strangled and full of effort Abductor SD vocal cords open when abducted Inappropriate abduction of the vocal folds causes the patient s speech to be interrupted by periods of aphonia a complete loss of voice FROM WIKI sudden involuntary muscle movements or spasms cause the vocal folds to open 1 The vocal folds cannot vibrate when they are open The open position of the vocal folds also allows air to escape from the lungs during speech As a result the voices of these individuals often sound weak quiet and breathy or whispery What is an electrolarynx Artificial larynx used by patients who have had a laryngectomy What vocal quality would an individual present w if they had vocal nodules Strained voice raspy What is abduction of the true vocal folds Vocal fold movement away from each other occur when breathing etc What is adduction of the true vocal folds Vocal fold movement towards each other occur when breathing to make sound What is an early physical reaction of the true vocal folds if an individual is engaging in ect vocal abuse Contact Ulcers Ulcers on the vocal processes between the arytenoids cartilages Excessive slamming during low pitch nonproductive throat clearing coughing gastric reflux intubation 3 3 Nodules Polyps Callous like growths 20 of patients w voice problems Screamer s nodules Form in pairs greatest amplitude of vibration 10 patients w voice disorder Blister like growths Unilateral What are contact ulcers Where do they grow on the true vocal folds Ulcers on the vocal processes between the arytenoids cartilages Excessive slamming during low pitch nonproductive throat clearing coughing What is a Papilloma How does papilloma typically present visually on a patient ex do