LA 1201 Midterm Study Guide Landscape Architecture profession that designs plans for manages our land Areas o Landscape design o Site planning organizing the uses of the land o Land planning o Zone planning o Urban planning o Regional planning o Parks recreation planning o Historic preservation restoration Allied Professions o Civil Engineers LA makes plan engineer makes it real o Gardeners Landscapers actually plant the design maintain it o Horticulturists make the plants used Legacy for a Living All that the environment asks is for man to live as part of nature Landscape Architecture deals with the problems of adapting man to the environment shopping living driving having fun Land use planning how to properly use land Frederick Law Olmstead father of landscape architecture legacy includes Central Park in NYC Design Process analyze site alternative ways of treating the site solutions to keep man nature in balance Time is a very important aspect of landscape architecture what will it be like in 20 50 years Team approach to planning design o Different talents to team members even with the same profession o Talents may be in areas of land use design construction plant materials economics law affecting land use planning etc Design influences people how do they feel Outdoor Rooms must be designed for people activities in order to bring spaces to life Design Planning Decisions decisions are not made just for good looks they are made Site Analysis vegetation slopes hydrology land use zoning legal regulations These factors must be studied in order to solve problems of land use because that s the best way to do it o Resources must be carefully preserved both manmade natural Collaboration design teams working together the various professions on a team can make cities better places to live for people o Nature can be shaped to the mood o People can be fitted to valuable space that is growing scarcer Stewardship Thoreau Emerson thought that man should be the steward of the earth living things upon it Legacy man must treat natural elements with greater concern to pass on the legacy Historical Overview Egypt 2 5 BC o Dry desert terrace above a land fertilized by the Nile made Egypt possible for agriculture o Hieroglyphics show Egyptians moving trees from other areas to the arid ones o Egyptian Gardens Hot high winds walls to moderate climates Water basins for irrigation grow fish ducks on top whose droppings fertilize Trees for fruit protection from sun wind the water Desert cooler adds water into air to cool the air Mesopotamia o Similar conditions to Egypt o Built step pyramids for vegetation Islamic parallel to Dark Ages in Europe o Time of extreme intellect contrast to the west o Conditions hot arid oasis high contrast to surroundings Abyene oasis town o Walled for privacy esp with women paradise religious influence Gardens were symbol for the after life Gnots underground pipes 4 Rivers of Paradise quadrangular layout Plants trees Irrigation o Great site planning o Not formal o Irregular o Beautifully fitted to the site o Free grouping buildings at odd angles not all right angles rectangular Greek Pompeii Middle Ages o Destroyed by Mount Vesuvius o Semi arid climate o Indoor outdoor relationships between houses gardens o Defense o Design based on the fence inward introspective walled or on tops of hills o Cloisters for study quadrangles like Islamics 1st in Americas in Lima Peru o Related to Persian garden ideas Examples Carcassonne France Le Puy France Bad Wimpfen Germany San Gimignano Italy o First Universities books were in monasteries so they became sources of knowledge Renaissance Italy 1400s 1500s o Art music gardens o Cultivated intellectual lifestyle o Search for order in design o Cleanliness paved streets o Well planned o Luxurious villas Wealthy people built themselves villas garden house Gardens terraced with water connecting between levels Built on hillsides had to terrace the sides to make it livable Fill reservoir at top full of water that would b released flow down hill to irrigate Retaining wall holds up terrace would fall in o Treat plants like architecture not landscape o Plants mainly green o Color from architecture and rarely flower pots o Water extremely important in hot areas o Hills outwardly expanding views panoramic views o Outdoor spaces rooms organized along site lines symmetrical o Theatrical designs Examples Villa Dante Villa D Este small house lots of garden Renaissance France 1500s 1600s o Cooler greener than Italy o Flatter terrain accentuated o Water in flat sheets o Distant views o Bilateral symmetry o Huge scales o Began renovating old Chateaus o Started to copy Italian gardens Conditions were so different so French just had bad copies o Raise houses so they can see all of the garden o Design teams collaboration Le Notre landscape architect Le Brun painter interior designer Le Vau architect Le Brun realized they had to adapt gardens to France s climate Made house owner wait to build house so the garden could develop Examples Vaux LeVitcome Versailles 8 mile garden town was also symmetrical huge fountains Renaissance England 1600s 1700s o Cool damp climate perfect for green grass flowers o Early gardens were imitations of the Italian style Saw French gardens over English channel called in 2nd rate French designers to copy French gardens which were bad copies of Italians Climate is very different from both France Italy so these gardens were bad copies of both o English Landscape School attacked old Renaissance ideas o A Design Revolution changed all this painted landscape There was much literary discussion of the landscape Romantic paintings of wild landscapes influenced design ideas Capability Brown Humphrey Repton o Picturesque designs developed for gardens Expensive to maintain formal gardens o Many old gardens were destroyed o Park like landscape replaced the old formal garden ideas People out in the country had their own private parks Dammed off streams to form lakes Japan o Chinese 1st Japans came from Chinas o Influenced by early Chinese heritage of Paradise Gardens aka Philosopher s Garden o Imitations of nature o Pleasure gardens for entertainment o Miniature gardens as compared to the much larger early Chinese gardens because Japan is a confined island Small spaces used rocks zigzag walkways to make it feel bigger o Reproduction of nature by artificial means o Public parks were observed in China 1000 years before the development of Western parks