9 24 lecture summary DNA Thomas Hunt Fruit flies genes sit on chromosome George Beatle and Edward Tatum one gene makes one enzyme What is the chemical nature of DNA Double helix Genes made up of nucleic acids Connected with H bonds 1953 Watson and Crick publish 1st DNA molecule G Guanine C Cytosine A Adenine T Thymine 2 Questions about DNA How does it make copies Strands unzip then each strand makes a copy of itself How does it control the cell Controls protein synthesis much of the cell is made up of protein DNA mRNA Protein Central dogma of Molecular Biology DNA mRNA transcription mRNA Protein translation converting base units GCTA to amino acids Nucleic acid Amino acid translation In eukaryotic cells this takes place in the nucleous Translations take place in ribosomes found in cytoplasm or on ER Amino acids are raw material tRNA ribosomes Ribosomes links amino acids to make proteins Incomplete Dominance One allele expressed but incomplete compensation Co Dominance Both alleles expressed What determines the kind of protein made 3 sets of nucleotide bases in RNA determines which amino acid will be used to put into the protein More related and organism is the more similar amino acids A Gene is a sequence of nucleotide bases that code for a polypeptide Codons for amino acids are same for all organisms
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