Chapter 15 Psychological Diseases Defining Mental Disorders What IS Abnormal Mental disorder Medical model persistent disturbance or dysfunction in behavior thoughts or emotions that causes significant distress or impairment illnesses that like physical illnesses have biological and environmental causes defined symptoms and possible cures abnormal psychological experiences are conceptualized as Diagnosis looks for o Signs o Symptoms objectively observed indicators of a disorder subjectively reported behaviors thoughts and emotions Disorder refers to a common set of signs and symptoms Disease is a known pathological process affecting the body Diagnosis is a determination as to whether a disorder or disease is present Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSIM co occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual a classification system that describes the features used to diagnose each recognized mental disorder and indicates how the disorder can be distinguished from other similar problems interaction among biological psychological and social factors disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress the classification and understanding of mental disorders by revealing the basic processes that give rise to them a person may be predisposed for a psychological explains mental disorders as the result of new initiative that aims to guide Comorbidity Biopsychosocial perspective Research Domain Criteria Project RDoC Diathesis stress model Main DSM 5 Categories of Mental Disorders 1 Neurodevelopmental Disorders conditions that begin early in development and cause significant impairment in functioning Intellectual disability Autism spectrum disorder Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder group of 2 Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders disorders characterized by major disturbances in thought perception language emotion and behavior 3 Bipolar and Related Disorders mania to depression and can include psychotic experiences persistent periods of depressed mood disorders characterized by excessive fear and anxiety that are extreme enough to impair a person s functioning conditions characterized by extreme and major fluctuations in mood from 4 Depressive Disorders 5 Anxiety Disorders Panic disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Specific phobia 6 Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders characterized by presence of obsessive thinking followed by impulsive behavior in response to that thinking response to a traumatic event 7 Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders conditions Disorders that develop in Posttraumatic stress disorder 8 Dissociative Disorders discontinuity in consciousness memory or identity conditions characterized by disruptions or Dissociative Identity Disorder 9 Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders conditions in which a person experiences bodily symptoms associated with significant distress or impairment health or functioning problems with eating that impair 10 Feeding and Eating Disorders involves inappropriate elimination of urine or 12 Sleep Wake Disorders problems with the sleep wake cycle Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa 11 Elimination Disorders feces Bed wetting Insomnia Narcolepsy Sleep Apnea 13 Sexual Dysfunctions activity Erectile Disorder Premature ejaculation problems related to unsatisfactory sexual disorder characterized by incongruence between a 14 Gender Dysphoria person s experienced expressed gender and assigned gender involving problems controlling emotions and behaviors 15 Disruptive Impulse Control and Conduct Disorders conditions Conduct disorders Kleptomania Intermittent explosive disorder 16 Substance Related and Addictive Disorders that involves persistent use of substances or some other behavior despite the fact that it leads to significant problems disorders of thinking caused by 17 Neurocognitive Disorders collection of disorders Alzheimer s Disease Traumatic brain injury 18 Personality Disorders behaving that lead to significant life problems sexual activity 19 Paraphillic Disorders Pedophilic disorder enduring patterns of thinking feeling and conditions characterized by inappropriate 20 Other Mental disorders residual category for conditions that do not fit into one of the other categories by are associated with significant distress or impairment Unspecified mental disorder due to a medical condition 21 Medication Induced Movement Disorders and Other Adverse Effects of Medication problems with physical movement caused by medication 22 Other conditions that may be the focus of clinical attention related to abuse neglect relationships and other problems problems Anxiety Disorders When Fears Take Over Anxiety disorder predominant feature the class of mental disorder in which anxiety is the 1 Phobic disorders avoidance of specific objects activities or situations marked persistent and excessive fear and irrational fear of a particular object or Specific phobia situation that markedly interferes with an individual s ability to function o Animals o Natural environments o Situations o Blood injections and injury o Other phobias choking vomiting loud noises irrational fear of being publicly humiliated or Social phobia embarrassed 2 Panic disorder sudden occurrence of multiple psychological and physiological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror Agoraphobia a specific phobia involving a fear of public places 3 Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD accompanied by three or more of the following symptoms restlessness fatigue concentration problems irritability muscle tension and sleep disturbances chronic excessive worry Preparedness theory people are instinctively predisposed toward certain fears Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Trapped in a Loop Obsessive compulsive disorder OCD ritualistic behaviors designed to fend off those thoughtd that interfere significantly with and individual s functioning repetitive intrusive thoughts and o Most common obsessions Checking Ordering Moral concerns Contamination Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Troubles after a Trauma Posttraumatic stress disorder PTSD recurrent unwanted thoughts or images of the trauma and avoidance of things that call the traumatic event to mind chronic physiological arousal Depressive and Bipolar Disorders At the Mercy of Emotions mental disordrs that have mood disturbance as their Mood disorders predominant feature 1 Depression Dysthymia Major Depressive disorder unipolar depression severely same cognitive and bodily problems as in depressed mood
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