Cumlative Class Study Guide General Psychology Rutgers University Chapter 12 Personality A Conceptual Definition unique set of consistent emotional cognitive thoughts and behavioral dispositions or tendencies there s a degree of stability in the way that people behave consistency across time across situations uniqueness distinctiveness individual differences people think feel and behave similarly across time situations can force demand someone to behave differently idiosyncratic ways we don t all think and act the same way individual differences always goes with personality 5 Factor Model for Personality 1 Agreeableness 2 Neuroticism negative emotionality 3 Extraversion positive emotionality 4 Openness to Experience 5 Conscientiousness constraint found based on empirical research data based factor analysis when there s a lot of variables we want to reduce we look for things that go together and correlate very strongly takes 20000 traits and reduces to these five dimensions objectively people are usually in the middle of these dimensions extremes of any personality trait are maladaptive not all conscientiousness is the best trait for a job because it means they re hardworking extraversion means an openness to people openness to new experience is not necessarily about people or opening yourself we measure these things through self report they follow pattern of the bell curve most people are in the middle of these dimensions extremes of any personality trait are maladaptive Sigmund Freud Psychoanalytic Theory Theory of Mind Freud was the first person to go on an organized quest middle aged women clients came to him with symptoms like paralysis with no underlying neurological damage cause he was into hypnotism he witness people dying things they wouldn t remember ding after the hypnotic trance and you can tell the patient not to feel certain things while in the trance realizes his patients are doing this in their head believed in two minds conscious mind thoughts feelings and actions we re aware of unconscious mind no control over this decides the cause must be the unconscious mind questions patients and realizes dreams may be an important source develops theory on importance of dreams SF believes forces within mind determine behavior traits transcend situations personality formed in childhood behavior driven primarily by unconscious forces Freudian Theory personality components Id present at birth concerned with internal drive follows the pleasure principle doesn t care about consequences it just wants what it wants and wants it now id is demanding wants things instantly and completely irrational drives what we do Ego rational part of mind executive or manager try to satisfy It as much as possible but within the limits of reality ego is caught between id and the real world reality principle Superego internalized parental control strict and punitive Libido the sexual life energy that drives the Id bodily pleasure of any kind not just sex Thanatos self destructive death instinct of the Id transformed into aggression towards other people Id wants us to kill ourselves but we don t because the ego displaces it and drives it toward other people violence to others is the redirected death instinct this is the source of aggression sex and aggression are the 2 big drives conscious consists of things you are currently aware of constantly changing doesn t really drive our behavior preconscious consists of things in long term memory that influence behavior could be retrieved if desired unconscious consists of things you re not aware of but influence your primary person component he concluded the women had been sexually assaulted and this is how the unconscious mind dealt with it then changed and said that they must have fantasized about sexual assault unconsciously Id is unconscious were not aware unconscious urges are more important than conscious id and the superego are walsy in a way in your head and the ego gets caught in the middle unconscious can t be tapped directly but reflected in slips of the tongue humor dreams symbolic wish fulfillment the royal road to the unconscious dreams allow expression of fourteen id impulses in symbolic form which is why dreams always mean something the stuff in your dreams is symbolic for something else you unconsciously desire so that the superego doesn t notice Freudian Theory Stages Psychosexual Stages the different sources of libido satisfaction Phallic 3 6 years Latency 6 Puberty Oral 0 1 year Anal 1 3 years Genital After Puberty Oral either excessive or inadequate gratification results in fixation at one of the stages libido gratification comes from oral exploration of the world oral personality if fixation occurs overeating undereating alcoholism smoking dependent personality needy libido gratification comes from expelling withholding feces anal personality if fixation occurs excessive orderliness or excessive messiness sex role identification occurred and superego mechanisms included castration anxiety for boys Oedipus complex and penis envy for girls Electra Complex Anal Phallic boys have unconscious desire to bang mom castration anxiety afraid dad knows about it and will cut off his dick its necessary to go through this to be straight and will be solved by incorporating his dad so his desire for mom stops and superego picks up a perception of dads moral rules if dad isn t there or is too strict or not strict enough one could become fixated in this stage girls get mad about not having a mpenis blame mom wants baby has unsconcious desire to have sex with dad to get baby resolves stage by identifying with mom and taking in her moral standards phallic personality sex role identity problems homosexuality promiscuity frigidity other sex related problems Latency Genital Stage focus on time of achievement and mastery of skills libido is channeled into mastery of activities the time of mature personality intimacy with others libido statisufed by audlt type monogamous hettersezuality Freudian Theory Defense defense mechanisms all unconscious methods for dealing with unconscious conflict that distort reality freud thought some were more mature than others neurotic anxiety brought about by unconscious conflict feel tense sense of impending doom defends against Id s urges the defense mechanisms are repression ego stuffs the urge down not allowing it to become conscious hiding it because it s too threatening or dangerous projection do not consciously
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