CH 12 Personality Whatever makes for consistency in our behavior ex how one behaves in class vs in social settings typical pattern of thinking feeling and acting Whatever is responsible for indiv diffs in behavior you vs other people org of enduring behavior patterns that distinguishes one person from another UNIQUENESS CONSISTENCY ORGANIZATION 3 Perspectives o Psychoanalytic Freud conflict btwn pleasure socially acceptable o Humanistic reactions o Trait modern way of understanding o Motives outside consciousness o Motivations repressed through defense mechanisms push away unacceptable Psychoanalytic motives impulses Freud s Personality Structure o Conflict resolution from birth to age 7 8 shapes adult personality o Id devil 600 lb gorilla energy outside conscious awareness satisfy basic sexual Id Ego Superego aggressive and survival needs libido Pleasure principle warmth needs must be met immediately ex baby food water o Ego middle negotiator balances Id Superego reality Reality principle Serves Id Superego ensures to not offend society wait and make good choices o Superego angel internalized ideals for how one should behave Conscience perfection DMs Defense Mechanisms o Projection see own issues falsely in other people ex you are cheap stingy so you cope w something causing distress shame act opposite ex block thoughts feelings memories from consciousness become a kid again ex adult throwing temper tantrum o Protect ego reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality o Make world self seem better than they really are o Repression o Regression o Reaction formation feel inferior act arrogant see other people that way grades failing say you don t care about grades ex break up w BF GF say he she was always a loser redirect impulses to safer outlet angry at someone punch pillows o Displacement o Oral 0 18 mths Mouth sucking biting chewing orally fixated o Anal 18 36 mths Bowel Bladder elimination anally retentive vs anally expulsive o Phallic 3 6 yrs Genitals genitally fixated good way to justify something bad ex care about o Rationalization Freud s Psychosexual Stages Evaluating Freud s theory o Support unconscious behavior DMs o NO support childhood personality development link to psychosexual difficulties Humanistic o How healthy people become good relatable productive o Focus on conscious thoughts about self o Maslow Rogers Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs o Physiological food water o Safety house shelter security o Belongingness Love love be loved o Esteem self esteem others respect o Self Actualization fulfill full unique potential Roger s View o Actual Self o Ideal Self o Self Actualization o Other people s reactions to you important current thoughts feelings about self want self to be process by which one becomes ideal self Conditional positive regard Unconditional positive regard meet expectations to get love depression no expectations to get love self actualization Evaluating Humanistic Theories o Explains human s capacity for growth self expression but ignores capacity for evil o Mostly Western individualistic values o Doesn t explain personality trait relations o Basic ways in which people are diff from one another o Factor Analysis Approach which traits correlate into clusters ex cluster 1 fun Trait friendly talkative statistical analysis NOT theory o Big 5 Personality Inventory assess normal traits to understand everyday behavior 5 factors Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Agreeableness Conscientiousness Upbringing birth order 1st born more C vs later born more O Gender diffs N A women more E O none C women more 50 heritable N A 41 O 61 o Personality change probably before age 30 Late teens to age 30 less E O more C A less N women only After age 30 more A more O men
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