2 26 2015 Week 7 Chapter 8 part 3 cont d Adolescent Development Adolescence transition from childhood to adulthood Beginning around 10 12 years ending at 18 21 years Physical Development most changes and develop during this period other than while in the womb Physical Development Cognitive Development Socioemotional Development Puberty a period of rapid skeletal sexual maturity that occurs during early adolescence Brain Changes during Adolescence Amygdala fear anxiety plays role in lots of emotion ex sexual behaviors during adolescence you need to develop emotional intelligence Prefrontal Cortex self control decision making short term memory impulse control urges decision making to stop yourself from urges that amygdala puts out they both don t develop at the same exact time so that s why you need to learn new connections together AKA maturity Cognitive Development Adolescent Egocentrism belief that others are as preoccupied with the adolescent as he or she is ex journals delusion that everyone is looking at them extremely self conscious little kids don t care but during middle school these thoughts about other people s options begin Personal Fable convinced that they are special unique and invincible nobody feels how I feel or no one gets meeee Imaginary Audience belief that everyone is noticing watching them Socioemotional Development Identity Development stage in adolescence in which you must find out who you are what you are all about where you are going in life more independent break away from their parents closer relationships with peers more confidants real passions what you stand for own opinions beliefs Moral Development Kohlberg s Theory of Moral Development Preconventional Moraily rewards punishments Conventional Morality standards or societyal norms Postconventional Morality personal values conscience Chapter 11 part 1 Social Psychology how people think about influence and relate to other people everything you think do Areas of Social Psychology Forming impressions about others Q How do we form impressions of other people A The power of the first impression The Primacy Effect first impressions are extremely powerful The Primacy Effect things that we learn first tend to get stuck in our headLa attribute your perception to the rest of the people Stereotype generalization about a group s characteristics that does not account for individual variability All people who are ex play chess smart vote republican rich Social Cognition how people select interpret remember and use social information how we think about other people and how we think other people think about us Person Perception How do we think about other people Attribution determining why people do what they do uncontrollable causes always accurate internal traits and underestimate the importance of temporary external situations when seeking explanations for others behavior Q Why do we stereotype A Biologically build to categorize Shortcut easier Self Fulfilling prophecy expectations cause individuals to act in ways that make the expectations come true ex you think one girl is smarter than another while teacher and engage with that student more the less smarter one not as much attention towards her that girl will have more success teacher will think that she is actually smarter assumption made assumption come true Stereotype threat type of self fulfilling in which anxiety about being negatively stereotyped actually causes underperformance Attractiveness human physical features that others rate as high in objective physical appeal Q Who is attractive who is not A Average is beautiful Q What stereotypes do we have about beautiful people A beautiful is good Self Serving Bias we often attribute our own behavior to whichever explanation benefits us the most thought that our success is ours our losses aren t our faults Q How do you explain another person s behavior A We typically attribute others behavior to internal causes even though that is not Fundamental Attribution Error people tend to overestimate the importance of stable Theories internal vs external causes stable vs unstable causes controllable vs The Self How we view ourselves False Consensus Effect overestimation of the degree to which everyone else thinks and acts as we do Assuming that everyone does agree with you ex election you expect everyone to vote the same as you then cannot believe that people voted for the one you didn t that person won Self Esteem the degree to which we have positive or negative feelings about ourselves Q Which individual do you think has higher self esteem Subject A has positive illusions about herself Tends to have a self serving bias subject B is more realistic about her good bad characteristics A would actually get a higher score is more psychologically well adjusted happy even though they seem to be cocky or faking it it works to have better relationships get along happier people that are realistic can get more depressed psychosocially find it harder to adjust adapt by faking ourselves into something that we are not makes us successful Self Image the degree to which we believe others have positive or negative feelings about ourselves Self efficacy believe that has the competence to complete a goal or a task Social comparisons evaluating one s own thoughts feelings behaviors and abilities in relation to others Q which of the following do you believe will influence a person s self esteem A self image self efficacy degree of social comparison all three influence self esteem Attitudes Social Behavior Social Influence Intergroup Relations Close Relationships
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