Unformatted text preview:

1 26 15 Lecture 6 Cellular Metabolic Pathways 1 Glycolysis o Break down of glucose a carbohydrate This is Catabolism Anabolism means to build something from smaller units o Makes ATP via substrate level phosphorylation o Always starts with a carbohydrate Glycolysis can only break down glucose o NOT a single step process Series of 10 enzymatic reactions An enzyme is a protein that is able to speed up chemical reactions without being consumed It is reusable Think of the Phys phabs and TA s as enzymes for learning physiology ase is the suffix for enzymes o Location cytosol Glycolysis does not happen in any special organelle All cells are able to do glycolysis o Net production 2 ATP per glucose Byproducts H Pyruvate under aerobic conditions when O is present Or Lactate under anaerobic conditions without O Glycolysis does not require O o Regulation of glycolysis ATP regulates the process When ATP is high glycolysis is down regulated inhibited But when ADP are high glycolysis is upregulated Krebs Cycle o Makes ATP via substrate label Phosphorylation o Aka citric acid cycle and TCA cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle o Starting point Mainly uses pyruvate from glycolysis BUT it can also start from other molecules We eat sugars fats and proteins Krebs cycle can use catabolism to break down all 3 o Series of 8 enzymatic reactions o Location the mitochondria Area responsible for making energy Only cells with mitochondria can do krebs cycle Red blood cells don t have mitochondria Red blood cells create ATP only via glycolysis 1 26 15 o Net production 2ATP Via substrate level phosphorylation Byproducts H CO O is indirectly required o Regulation coenzymes Because there are coenzymes in this process that require When ATP is high krebs is down regulated inhibited But when ADP are high krebs is upregulated 3 Electron Transport chain o In THIS class is it synonymous with oxidative phosphorylation o Starting materials H and coenzymes Uses components from prior two metabolic pathways krebs and glycolysis o Location Mitochondria o Net production 34 ATP Byproducts H O This process recycles coenzymes Directly requires O Last step in the chain involves oxygen as an electron receptor o Note instead of producing H O we can produce free radicals O and OH to help fight pathogens when our body needs to Figure 3 46 Equation 2 is essentially o Glycolysis krebs cycle oxidative phosphorylation Membrane Transport Table 4 1 cells o We see higher concentrations of ATP and proteins on the inside of our o Higher concentration of glucose outside of our cells Selective permeability o Polarity is important Polar substances cannot cross the membrane easily Nonpolar molecules cross easily o Size is important Small molecule can pass not large molecules How do polar molecules cross membrane o Regulated by proteins o channels gates transporters 1 26 15 Diffusion o Figure 4 2 o Moves from high concentration to low concentration o Dependent on Permeability The bigger the permeability the quicker diffusion occurs o Direct relation mathematically As one increases so does the other Surface area of interface Direct relationship with diffusion o The more surface area there is on the membrane the faster diffusion occurs Concentration gradient Direct relationship diffusion occurs Distance Inverse relationship o The higher the concentration gradient the faster o As one goes up the other one goes down o If the distance increases then the rate of diffusion decreases o Diffusion through lipid bilayer Small and nonpolar things can move simply by diffusion with their gradient O and CO High to low No energy cost What problem does this cause for us o See next lecture


View Full Document

OSU EEOB 2520 - Cellular Metabolic Pathways

Documents in this Course
Load more
Download Cellular Metabolic Pathways
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Cellular Metabolic Pathways and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Cellular Metabolic Pathways and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?