Astronomy Notes Galaxies Binary systems Most stars have a partner 50 of stars are binary material from the big star flows to the small star The companion star is usually a neutron star white dwarf or black hole One of the stars goes supernova from accreting too much matter Milky Way Our galaxy How do we tell how the galaxy looks Visible spectrum IR Radio 21cm The galactic axis is viewed in the radio X Rays seen at the galactic center but not at the galactic poles Jets of particles are ejected from a black hole Light comes out from atoms Proton electron atom light HII Region The ground state of an atom electron is actually two lines not one Why does the H atom have a split ground state This is called hyperfine splitting When the electron spins are parallel the energy is lower When they are antiparallel they have higher energy Nuclear Magnetic Resonance same principle as MRI Dust comes from supernova Pleiades they are blue because light is being reflected off of them Dust particle Core carbon silicate Mantle water ammonia methane ices 100 billion stars in the milky way The galaxy is 100000 light years across Globular clusters are bound to our galaxy Evidence for dark matter As you move away from the galactic center star s angular speeds don t change Andromeda is the nearest galaxy and it is 2000000 light years away We live in the Perseus Orion arms of the milky way
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