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Top Hat Monacle QuestionsLecture 4/16:-Viruses: What characteristics of life do viruses not have?Which of the following makes viruses inbetween living and non-living organisms? A: ability to react to environment B: ability to grow by taking in nourishmentand processing it into energy C: ability to reproduce, with offspringhaving some characteristics of parent D: ability to evolveAnswer: B or C-Life in solar system: Where in our solar system, other than Earth,is there a (small) chance that life exists? A: Venus B: Mars C: Europa (moon of Jupiter) D: Titan (moon of Saturn) E: Callisto (moon of Jupiter)Answer: B, C, D-Rate of Star Formation: How many stars per year have been formed, on average, in the Milky Way since its formation? A: 1,000 B: 100 C: 10 D: 1 E: less than 1Answer: CLecture 4/11:Hydrogen/helium ratio: What should be the ratio by mass of hydrogen to helium in the Universe? A: 7:1 B: 6:1 C: 4:1 D: 3:1 E: 2:1Answer: DLecture 4/9:-Hubble’s Law: How far away is a galaxy with a recessional speed of 40,000 km/s? A: 400 Mpc B: 575 Mpc C: 750 Mpc D: 925 MpcAnswer: BTutorial 4/6:-RR Lyrae Star: How far away is an RR Lyrae star that appears as bright as the Sun would be at 10 parsecs?•A: 10 pc B: 30 pcC: 90 pc D: 800 pcAnswer: C-Cepheid variable star: A Cepheid variable star with a period of 20 days appears 100 times brighter than the Sun would be at 10 parsecs. How far away is it?Answer: BLecture 4/4:-Density of a neutron star: What it the density of a 1.5 solar mass neutron star of radius 10 km? (Vsphere = 4πR3/3) A: 7.2 x 1026 kg/m3 B: 2.3 x 1018 kg/m3 C: 7.2 x 1017 kg/m3 D: 2.4 x 1017 kg/m3Answer: C-Grain of neutron star material: What is the mass of a 1 mm grain of neutron-star material? A: 720 million kg B: 720,000 kg C: 720 kgAnswer: A-Twin paradox: How much older are you than your twin who visits Proxima Centauri in a 0.8 c spaceship?Your twin gets in a spaceship and heads to the nearest star, Proxima Centauri, 4.3 light years away, orbits it for a year, and then heads home. Both interstellar journeys are made at v = 0.8 c. How much older are you than your twin when she returns? A: you are the same age B: 2.9 years C: 5.7 years D: 4.7 yearsAnswer: D-Cosmic-ray muons: How far do muons made by cosmic rays in the upper atmosphere travel in their 2.2 microsecond lifetime, if they are moving at v=0.9999 c?When ‘at rest’ in the lab, a muon (a heavy electron) has a lifetime of 2.2 microseconds (2.2 x 10-6 s) for its (weak) decay to an electron and a neutrino. Muons are made by collisions of cosmic rays with atomic nuclei in the upper atmosphere. Without time dilation, even if they are traveling at v = 0.9999 c, they should only travel d = v t = 3.0 x 108 m/s (2.2 x 10-6 s) = 660 m before they decay, and so would not reach us. With time dilation, how far do they travel before decaying? A: 6600 km B: 66 km C: 47 kmAnswer: CLecture 3/28: -Neutrinos from a core-collapse supernova: Assume that an 8 solar mass star collapses, and that half of its mass is protons. If all of these protons combine with electrons to form neutrons during the collapse, via the electron capture process, how many neutrinos are emitted? The Sun’s mass is 2.0 x 1030 kg, and one mole (NA = 6.0 x 1023) of protons has a mass of 1.0 g A: 1.3 x 1010 B: 4.8 x 1054 C: 9.6 x 1054 D: 4.8 x 1057Answer: D-Lifetime of 10 solar mass star: What is the lifetime of a 10 solar mass star?(The Sun’s lifetime is 10 billion years.) A: 10 billion years B: 1 billion years C: 100 million years D: 10 million years E: 1 million yearsAnswer: DLecture 3/26:-Fusion rate in stars: How does the rate of nuclear fusion in a high-mass star compare to that in a low-mass star? A: greater than B: equal to C: less thanAnswer: A-Lifetimes of main sequence stars: If Star A has the same mass as the Sun, and StarB has 6 times the mass of the Sun, how do their lifetimes compare? A: A lives less than 1/6 as long as B B: A lives 1/6 as long as B C: A has the same lifetime as B D: A will lives 6 times longer than B E: A will live more than 6 times longer than BAnswer: E-Fusion rate of two solar-mass star: How does the rate of hydrogen fusion tohelium of a star with twice the mass of the Sun compare to that of the Sun? A: smaller B: the same C: a little larger D: twice E: more than twiceAnswer: E-Density of a white dwarf: How many pieces of a white dwarf star the size of grainsof sand (cubes of side 1 mm), could you lift without the risk of injury?(White dwarf Density: ~106 g/cm3) A: 1 B: 10 C: 100 D: 1,000 E: 10,000Answer: B or CLecture 3/21:-Properties of nearby stars: How do we know the absolute magnitude (luminosity) ofa nearby star, its surface temperature, and its radius?What, in order, would you use to find these? Define: 1 = spectral class 2 = apparent magnitude (brightness seen from Earth) 3 = distance from the Sun (from parallax) and apparent magnitude 4 = absolute magnitude and temperatureA: 4,1,2 B: 3,4,2 C: 3,1,4 D: 2,3,4Answer: C-Arcturus’ Luminosity: Arcturus (α-Boötes) is known from the width of its absorption spectrum lines to be a class-III red giant, and from its black-body spectrum we know itssurface temperature is 4300°K. Its luminosity is (in units of the Sun’s luminosity) closest toA: < 1 B: 2 C: 10 D: 100E: 1,000Answer: CLecture 3/19:The full Moon has an apparent magnitude of -12.6, and when Mars is brightest in the night sky, its apparent magnitude is +2.0.-Apparent magnitude, Q1: Which has the largest apparent magnitude number? A: Full Moon B: MarsAnswer: B-Apparent magnitude, Q2: Which object will look brighter from Earth? A: Full Moon B: MarsAnswer: A-Apparent magnitude, Q3: If a new object was discovered that looked evendimmer from Earth than Mars, what could its apparent magnitude be? A: -15 B: -9 C: -6 D: 0 E +3.0Answer: E-Apparent magnitude, Q4: What tells us how bright an object appears from Earth? A: apparent magnitude B: absolute magnitudeAnswer: A-Apparent magnitude, Q5: What tells us an object’s actual brightness? A: apparent magnitude B: absolute magnitudeAnswer: B*Star Y appears much brighter than Star Z when viewed from Earth, but weknow (by other techniques) that it gives off much less light. Star Z has anapparent magnitude of +1.5 and and absolute magnitude of


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FSU AST 1002 - Study Guide

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