4 21 15 Week 14 Stress Health cont d Cognitive Appraisal an individual s interpretation of an event as either harmful threatening or challenging and the person s evaluation of whether he she has the resources to deal with the event Cognitive Appraisal Model Primary Appraisal estimating the severity of the stressor classifying it as a threat a challenge or a loss Secondary Appraisal what are my resources ex social support money education family friends Coping a kind of problem solving that involves managing stressful circumstances expending effort to solve life s difficulties and seeking to reduce stress ex avoidance coping strategy skipping class because you re stressed but then it builds up more stress in the future from not going to class At the expense she will have to deal with it later Types of Coping Strategies Problem Focused Coping cognitive strategy of squarely facing one s troubles trying to solve them ex your dog died you come home all of this things are still in your apartment need to stay at friends because you just can t deal Emotion Focused Coping trying to manage one s emotional reaction to a stressor rather than focusing on the root problem ex temporary fixes to relieve stress asking questions in class if you re failing Psychological Disorders Chapter 12 part 1 such a small part of the psychology field specialized studies psych is more about research not treatments of problems What is abnormality How do psychologists define psychological disorders abnormality Basic models or views that psychologists use to approach disorders Anxiety disorders Phobias OCD PTSD Abnormality any pattern or behavior that causes people significant distress causes them to harm themselves or others or interferes with their ability to function in daily life 4 Characteristics 1 Statically Rare ex not in the norm doesn t mean they have psycholocial disorder just maybe a gift ex high IQ 2 Deviance from Social Norms only deviating from what society says is normal not particularly abnormal alone ex crazy piercings or crazy hair 3 Personal Distress people are doing a behavior that is causing them significant personal distress becomes a problem after a long period of time they continue to do it even when they don t want to 4 Interference with Normal functioning Abnormality Stats About 22 of adults suffer from mental disorder per year about 44 million people in the U S four out of the top 10 causes of disability in the U S is from Psychological disorders most prevalent of psychological disorders is depression Diagnostically Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM V contains each known disorder a description symptoms checklist of criteria other relevant facts divided into five parts Axes diagnosis manual Need to know that there s 5 but don t need to know different ones for exam DSM V Axes Axes I clinical disorder Axes II personality disorders mental retardation Axes II general medical conditions Axes IV psychosocial and environmental problems Axes V Global assessment of functions longest effecting disorder because it s personality life long Rosenhan Study pseudo patients could not be distinguished from regular patients Behaviors were viewed as abnormal because of contextual bias 30s 40s had so much trust in medical profession doctors were all knowing esp surgeons now we often just go to doctors knowing what s wrong we often know what we want instead of listening to them didn t know why someone was depressed or Freud s theories were used to explain psychological disorders not until 60 s where there was a mini revolution in medical field people questioning authority created a study to figure out psychological disorders prove to psychiatrist that they re not just crazy mental asylums institutions would send people that are insane they could be imprisoned for rest of your life Rosenhan got people together grad students friends how could psychiatrists at asylums tell if people are not crazy and actually had disorder Psudeo patients all went to different institutions told 2 lies presented themselves with diff name 1 said they were hearing voices it said thud 2 everything else they said was normal true once they got inside take notes inside hospital act normal also saying symptoms went away the shortest stay out of all of them was 2 weeks minimum amount of help was 2 weeks the first one probably got out because he was just admitting he was doing an experiment the others were held for about 3 months not allowed to leave event though he said he lied was healthy they barley event got to see psychiatrists once or twice a week other than that it was just staff when they would try to interact with them they would be ignored or to say something irrelevant when is lunch a how are you today no one thought they were faking but the other patients knew they weren t crazy experimenting all behaviors were taken as they were crazy taking notes meant they were nuts compulsive strange loitering behavior when they were just waiting for their lunch early after they all got out he wrote it up published the paper basing the psychiatrist then he told him that he sent out all these fakers for him to find in his hospital psychiatrist said he found 40 of the 140 patients that were faking crazy but Rosenhan didn t even do that he just said that psychiatrist couldn t even tell who lies who doesn t behavioral abnormality is the result of repressing undesirable thoughts memories and Models of Abnormality approach to studying abnormal behavior Biological Models reasons for abnormality is because something is going on with BRAIN not MIND Psychological Models Psychoanalysis concerns time and become habitual to create problems Freud s idea ego rational self conscious mind that makes decision knows right from wrong Id inner primal self inner party animal drives motivations desires is driven by id Behaviorism abnormal behaviors are learned though a series of rewards punishments Cognitive Perspective abnormal behavior results from illogical thinking patterns idea you might have abnormal thoughts abnormal thought patterns develop over Combination approaches combination of any previous models Psychoanalysis
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