3 3 Week 8 cont d review of self The Self How we view ourselves Self Esteem the degree to which we have positive or negative feelings about ourselves Q Which individual do you think has higher self esteem Subject A has positive illusions about herself Tends to have a self serving bias subject B is more realistic about her good bad characteristics A would actually get a higher score is more psychologically well adjusted happy even though they seem to be cocky or faking it it works to have better relationships get along happier people that are realistic can get more depressed psychosocially find it harder to adjust adapt by faking ourselves into something that we are not makes us successful how you view yourself Self Image the degree to which we believe others have positive or negative feelings about ourselves how you think others view you Self efficacy believe that has the competence to complete a goal or a task how confident that you are able to accomplish your goal of any situation you are in Social comparisons evaluating one s own thoughts feelings behaviors and abilities in relation to others a little bit is normal but doing this too much constantly will lead to negative self images Q which of the following do you believe will influence a person s self esteem A self image self efficacy degree of social comparison all three influence self esteem Social Psychology Chapter 11 Part 2 Areas of Social Cognition Personal Perception Attribution The Self Attitudes our feelings or opinions about people objects and ideas belief or opinions or issues Q Can attitudes predict behavior A Sometimes when attitude is strong when person is made aware of attitude behavior will more likely go with the attitude if they actually have to verbalize it made aware they are more likely to go along with those actions when person has vested interest Q Can behavior predict attitudes can you predict how they are going to act based of what their actions are A Sometimes Cognitive Dissonance Theory Self Perception Theory Cognitive Dissonance Theory mismatch between beliefs behaviors when whatever behavior the attitude you have about that behavior do not match clash in your head guilt ex diet will make you feel better but they have chocolate cake feel horribly guilty especially if behavior is ongoing affairs have extreme cognitive dissonance not bad people but they know cheating is wrong continue to do it because its tempting rationalizing behavior to match attitudes morally correct OR change attitudes to match your beliefs behaviors determine our beliefs attitudes by looking back at our own behavior we are not often aware of our opinions or beliefs Ex Foot in the door technique when you donate a little amount to a nonprofit they Self perception Theory derive beliefs from behavior will continue to ask for small donations to remember your past behaviors of beliefs to help them out are more likely to donate a big chunk Q Can you change someone s attitude A sometimes if you are trained in the art of persuasion Elements of Persuasion The Source characteristics of the communicator The Message content style The Medium venue The Audience characteristics of your target Characteristics such as attractiveness credibility etc Factual vs emotional extreme vs middle of the road TV newspaper billboard internet etc Age attitude strength Areas of Social Psychology Social Cognition Social Behavior Social Influence Intergroup Relations Close Relationships Social Behavior Altruism unselfish interest in helping another person Q Why do people help other people A Reciprocity doing unto others as they will hopefully do unto you Egoism doing unto others because it somehow benefits ourselves Factors that influence helping behavior Mood happy helping Empathy seeing ourselves Happy people are more likely to help key ingredient can we put ourselves in another s shoes The tendency for observers to help less in an emergency when other people are present than when alone ex seeing someone that needs a jump for their car battery walking by thinking oh the next person will help but think about if you were in that situation ex woman with a kid will make you more likely to help than if it is someone dissimilar to you The Bystander Effect let someone else do it ex unpredictable situation you think that there could be risk involved to help if everyone thinks someone else will do it no one will end up helping ex you don t want to help someone in danger because you could get in danger yourself Areas of Social Psychology Social Cognition Social Behavior Social Influence Intergroup relations Close relationships Social Influence Conformity changing ones behavior to align with the group or group standard Asch s Conformity Study Q Which line is the same as exhibit 1 in psych experiments a Confederate is an actor in the study to pretend to be participants in the study They really know what the study is about have scripts to contribute to the study Which line in exhibit 2 is the same length as the line in exhibit 1 When all others in the group picked the same incorrect answer volunteer participants chose to conform to the group 35 of the time people worry about what they are answering second guess themselves according to others Q Why do we conform We want to be correct and if others have different answers you automatically think you are wrong A Informational Social Influence Normative Social Influence Informational Social Influence influence people have on us because we want to be right Ex At the Rib cook off I got in the longest line because I figured that those ribs must be the best ones at the fair ex Who wants to be a Millionaire use your lifeline of asking audience and according to the audience you actually change your answer Normative Social influence influence people have on us because we want to be liked Ex Look at this picture of me in high school with my big hair and acid washed jeans What was I thinking we don t want to stand out as being weird if you want to wear a tutu everywhere you definitely won t because people will think you are weird Obedience behavior that complies with the specific demands of an authority figure all of these people on trial from being in the army their answers are that they have to do horrible things because authority told them to or they would be killed Who is to blame Who do you hold responsible for that they should have challenged their authorities and overthrow them Milgram s Obedience Study Q Would you harm
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