General Psychology Exam 1 Study Guide Fall 2011 This study guide is designed to help organize and integrate the important issues of this unit while the guide may seem intimidating it is designed to be comprehensive if you can answer these questions and do the practice items you should do great The practice items can be found in a separate file They focus on application you are expected to learn vocabulary and facts from this guide I recommend that you study using this study guide first and then use the practice item file students that focus on the practice items find that their efforts have been too narrow Chapter 1 The Science of Psychology We spent the bulk of our time on this chapter The concepts presented set the foundation for the rest of the semester Understanding the concepts and being able to apply them will be important for the semester Define psychology don t forget the animal parts and the biology physiology parts How old is Psychology the science What does this mean Psychology is a science and a profession Be familiar with the 10 subfields of psychology discussed in class What types of things are psychologists from each area studying or doing If I describe them can you name them If I name them can you pick the description see homework 2 for examples How many psychologists are there Where does the largest number of psychologists work 30 What are some of the other work settings for psychologists What are the 2 most popular subfields in psychology they 50 How do psychologists and psychiatrists differ What percentage of today s Psychologists are women Is the increasing or decreasing What percentage are minorities What issues does the underrepresentation of minorities in psychology raise What are the 6 modern perspectives Can you describe each what is the main belief or focus of the work being done within each perspective What does eclectic mean Application If I give a statement can you tell what perspective for example I believe that all behavior is determined by the features of the environment or if I give a perspective can you pick a probable statement which of the following statements is most likely to be said by an evolutionary psychologist see also practice items for this Why is Psychology considered a science Why is it important to study research methods even though many find it boring What is systematic empiricism and why is that important What does it mean if your measures and your sample are representative What is generalizability What are theories and hypotheses and what is the relationship between them Are there more theories or hypotheses Can you prove a theory answer no but you can get support for it by testing hypotheses What are the four steps of the scientific method in order Data sources can you list the five outlined in class What type of data is collected in each case What are the advantages and disadvantages of each Can you name the four goals of psychology The four types of that psychologists try to answer What type of study is done to address questions from each goal How would you recognize that a study was purely descriptive What is a correlation What types of questions do correlational studies answer What 3 things does the correlation coefficient tell you What is the difference between negative and positive correlations can you give examples see practice items Can you determine causation from a correlation Why not 1 What is the only type of study that allows you to make conclusions about causation How do you conduct an experiment what is the basic procedure How does the experimental group differ from the control group Can you define independent and dependent variable and pick them out if I describe a study What does random assignment do for you see practice items in practice item file on vista What is the placebo effect and how can you control for it How do you control for the experimenter s expectations How important is it to protect the rights and safety of study participants What are some of the ways this is accomplished Why do animal research What are some advantages of animal research Chapter 2 Biological Perspective This chapter involves more terms and definitions than most You may find it helpful to make concept flashcards for this chapter even if you usually avoid them in a concept flashcard you put several related terms on the same card to help you distinguish between related terms for example you might make a card with a chart that shows all 4 parts of the brainstem the function of each and what problems you would expect with damage to each all on the same card curious see me for more ideas What is the nervous system What is a behavioral neuroscientist Can you name the major components divisions of the nervous system bk page 39 Can you name the basic function of each component And the relationships between them For example know the components and the major function of the central nervous system CNS and its parts function of the peripheral nervous system PNS and its parts and know the names and functions of the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system ANS For example what part controls voluntary muscles What controls involuntary muscles What is a neuron What are the 3 main parts of a neuron In what order does the message pass Name some of the things that glial cells do what is their role in the nervous system What is through these parts of the neuron myelin and what does it do What percentage of the brain is neurons What percent glial cells Which is more important What is the most common type of neuron in the brain interneuron see below A nerve is made of The neural impulse message gets passed within the cell chem or elec What is meant by all or none If neurons fire all or none how can they indicate different strengths of response The neural impulse message gets passed between the cell chem or elec What is the name of the gap between neurons What is a neurotransmitter How many different neurotransmitters have been identified What are agonists What are antagonists Give examples What three processes are involved in cleaning up the synapse Which is most common What is the difference between an afferent and an efferent neuron What are their other names Identify the name and major function of the four parts of the brainstem hindbrain Meaning What does the medulla do The pons The reticular formation The cerebellum What symptoms or issues would you see if there was injury to each part As a whole what is the function of the limbic system four
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