2 16 15 Wrote Grinch on the board Key Neurotransmitters Acetylcholine ACh o Rapidly destroyed by ACh esterase Free ACh does not last in your body for very long We destroy neurotransimmters so signals do not keep sending over and over again ACh is our predominant neurotransmitters o Cognition behavior glands and organs o All made from the same precursor component They are made similarly and look similar o Dopamine norepinephrine serotonin histamine o Brainstem and hypothalamus They highly impact these areas it is not exclusive to these areas Biogenic amines though o Consciousness mood endocrine regulation Impact how awake you are Amino Acids o Amino acids CAN be used as neurotransmitters themselves o Some excitatory Causes a depolarization o Others inhibitory Causes hyperpolarization Neuropeptide o 2 or more amino acids o Can function as endocrines and paracrines o Can they be used in other parts of the body too Nervous System Central brain and spinal cord Peripheral efferent afferent o Efferent autonomic Somatic Autonomic sympathetic parasympathetic o Autonomic automatic o Somatic how our Skeletal muscles move controlled movement o Made a joke about not people able to fill out a scantron on a Friday morning Autonomic Somatic Both send signals from CNS to effector cells Figure 6 46 Somatic Atuonomic Neurons one two Innervates Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Result Excites Excites or inhibits 2 16 15 cardiac muscle glands GI neurons o GI gastral intestinal o We can only excite contract our skeletal muscles they are not being excited One muscle cannot move a bone in two different directions They only relax when Autonomic Nervous System Purpose regulate automatic visceral responses o Visceral vital organs Method o Two opposing systems gas brakes o Analogy in a car we have a gas pedal and a break pedal o Sympathetic vs parasympathetic Most effectors innervated by both Cluster of Cells ganglion not nucleus ganglia Preganglionic vs postganglionic neuron o Clusters of cell bodies in CNS are called nuclei in the PNS they are called Parasympathetic vs Sympathetic Sympathetic Parasympatheti c Function Fight or flight gas Rest or regroup brake Ganglion Location Spinal cord ACh Pre Neurotransmitter Effector organ ACh Post Neurotransmitter Norepinephrine epinephrine ACh S for spinal cord S for sympathetic Norepinephrine and epinephrine are both adrenaline Question of the week Why do these ganglion have to be in these 2 locations Aka why can t we use ACh as our post neurotransmitter Sympathetic Subcategory o Adrenal medulla inner part of adrenal gland Ganglion that releases to plasma endocrine gland Can act as endocrine or neurotransmitter Epinephrine and norepinephrine aka adrenaline Comes from adrenal gland Distant organs Figure 6 44 o Parasympathetic contract pupil decreases cardiac output contract bronchioles increases gut motility Contracting lungs prevents us from picking up airborne pathogens 2 16 15 o Sympathetic dilate pupil increases cardiac output relax bronchioles decreases gut motility Relaxing the lungs lets more air flow through Sensory Nervous System Purpose Stimulus receptor afferent neuron s detect and relay information about environment to CNS o Stimuli we register pressure temperature light sound chemical o Receptor We can receive info 2 different ways afferents axon terminal s or specialized cells specific to stimulus type produce receptor potentials o Afferent neurons Generate action potentials Convey info to CNS
View Full Document
Unlocking...