RELIGION 3607 REVIEW SHEET FOR FINAL Friday May 2 12 30 2 30 204 Diffenbaugh David Levenson Be able to identify who what when where significance the following list as well as the figures ideas events etc in the review questions following the list 1 Antiochus IV took the Temple and made it into sanctuary for Zeus people who practiced Judaism such as circumcision were executed Maccabean Revolt 2 Judah Maccabee lead revolt against Greeks and took over temple in 164 Hannukah 8 days of light found in later Babylonian Talmud Judah dies in 160 After this people still kept traditions of Hellenism courts sports etc except worship of Greek Gods 3 Philo c 20 BCE c 50 CE also called Philo Judaeus was a Hellenistic Jewish philosopher who lived in Alexandria Egypt during the Roman Empire Profound Jewish Adaptation to Greek life used philosophical allegory to attempt to fuse and harmonize Greek philosophy with Jewish philosophy Example In Genesis Adam represents the mind eve is the senses and the snake is pleasure so the moral is that pleasure seduces the mind by working on the senses 4 Paul of Tarsus Begins as persecutor of the church Jesus appears to him and he becomes a faithful follower effective missionary primarily preaching to non Jews said do not have keep commandments righteousness through faith and Jesus his attitude toward Rabbinic Judaism is that it s false religious concept leading to destruction theological problem with Jews not accepting Jesus and that G d s promise refers to spiritual Jews not physical Jews Jews rejected the gospel necessary for salvation of the entire world 5 Josephus Historian information of different sects of early Judaism is found in his works including Essenes Pharisees and Saducees 6 Bar Kokhba Jewish leader of what is known as the Bar Kokhba revolt against the Roman Empire in 132 CE establishing an independent Jewish state which he ruled for three years as Nasi Prince 7 Sa adia ben Joseph prominent rabbi Jewish philosopher and exegete of the Geonic period first important rabbinic figure to write extensively in Arabic he is considered the founder of Judeo Arabic literature 8 Maimonides wrote the Misneh Torah 1138 1204 preeminent medieval Spanish Sephardic Jewish philosopher astronomer and one of the most prolific and influential Torah scholars and physicians of the Middle Ages 9 Nahmanides 1194 1270 also known as by his acronym Ramban leading medieval Jewish scholar Catalan Sephardic rabbi philosopher physician kabbalist and biblical commentator see Disputation at Barcelona 10 Judah Ha Levi c 1075 1141 Spanish Jewish physician poet and philosopher He was born in Spainand died shortly after arriving in Israel in 1141 considered one of the greatest Hebrew poets celebrated both for his religious and secular poems many of which appear in present day liturgy greatest philosophical work was The Kuzari 11 Isaac Luria 1534 1572 known as The Ari lion Lurianic Kabbalah Safed tzfat 16th CE explains evil in the world 12 Shabbatai Zvi 17th century Proclaimed himself to be the Messiah Jews thought this was the end of days 1666 because violence and war got so bad He was a Polish king Got captured by Islam rulers when he went to the Ottoman empire to conquer and said he would be killed unless he converted He converted to Islam and the Jews were shamed mocked Mass movement ended but some people thought his conversion to Islam was part of the plan so that he could go to the evil parts of the world and bring good conversion just a cover up Married the Torah at one point odd guy Very much influenced by Lurainic Kabbalah has a way of explaining evil that s why it s important see last class s notes 1648 Massacres started in Poland Cossacks are coming In 1665 Nathan of Gaza meets Tzvi confirms he is the messiah His actions had a big influence on Hasidism Baal Shem Tov founder of Hasidism Israel ben Eliezer the Ba al Shem Tov Besht 1700 1760 13 born to modern poor family orphaned young Gained reputation as folk healer began to develop a following Challenged ascetic implications of Lurainic Kabbalah Taught that God is present in all things Light from creation is left over in our world and continues to be part of God here on Earth 14 Moses Mendelssohn 1729 1786 translated Bible from Hebrew to German Abraham Geiger 1810 74 Considered founder of Reform Judaism very brilliant knew all about 15 religion and several languages German Rabbi Took prayers and made them more universal In Amidah changed word redeemer person coming to save people to redemption idea that everyone could be redeemed no Messiah Believed Judaism was comprised of rational ideas that could be explained delivered declaration of principles Isaac Mayer Wise 1819 1900 Brilliant figure and organizer wanted to bring together all 16 Jews under new Judaism 1846 Albany Went to Cincinnati in 1854 and created the Center of reform Judaism in America Very German city lots of Jews Established many institutions of Reform Judaism Union of American Hebrew Congregations in 1873 Union of Reform Judaism since 2003 Central Conference of American Rabbis 1889 Hebrew Union College 1875 Union Prayerbook unified all Jews 17 Zecharias Frankel essay in Robinson calls it positive historic Judaism Judaism has always developed been evolving as reformers pointed out We can study that product is more of human interpretation rather than divine scripture Bible can be studied from historical point of view Humans wrote down their interactions with God Judaism has always changed but there has always been a core based on Halakah Reflects humans relationship with God Organized evolving that is based around a framework that is Halakah Keep Halakah because that is what defines Jewish experience over past thousands of years 18 Samson Raphael Hirsch key figure leader of Modern Orthodox reaction against reform Wanted to be fully German but rejected idea that Jewish law could be changed Torahim Derekh Eretz Torah with the way of the world 19 Theodor Herzl Published The Jewish State in 1896 Analytical non emotional look at the Jews and anti Semitism Said that anti Semitism is natural and normal As long as you have Jews in the state that aren t included in nationalism they re going to be potential scapegoats He was a Cultural Zionist Said it was impractical to create a political state because not everyone could come and people were already living there Said it could be a center for Jewish culture and religion 20 Ahad Ha am 1856 1927 cultural Zionism believed