Heather Finkelstein 8 29 13 Reconstruction Presidential Reconstruction and Congressional Reconstruction Presidential Andrew Johnson Vice President from Kentucky for Lincoln became president once Lincoln was assassinated southerner was a Unionist why Lincoln chose him added to receive more votes for Republicans supported Emancipation but held Racist views Ratification of 13th Amendment Pardon of officials Returning land New governments became supporter of white supremacy whites were better for various reasons defender of embattled whites land was confiscated pardoned officials if they took an oath of allegiance Andrew Johnson Black Codes allowed to take children from parents if parents could not provide for them properly applied to ex slaves freed slaves laws apply to all black people needed to begin earning money blacks had to sign labor contracts and if they refused they were then arrested Congressional Reconstruction Charles Sumner Thaddeus Stevens embraced expanding powers of the federal government this meant that they can override state laws federal government is ranked higher radical reconstructionists were concerned that states rights free labor you are free to take on the labor you are doing black male suffrage most republicans were more moderate Sumner and Stevens were on extreme left of Republican party Moderates Freedman s Bureau Civil Rights Bureau prohibits Johnson vetoed both of these laws federal government should not have this power turned moderates against him Sumner and Stevens gained support impeached Johnson failed to convict by one point had no confidence Goals of Radical Republicans opposite of Andrew Johnson New governments Assisting ex slaves Reconstructing Southern Society Southern society before civil war Revolved around slavery rural very proper homogenous big plantations wanted to enable former slaves to find their own way Accomplishments Reconstruction Act 1867 14th Amendment 1868 15th Amendment 1870 fourteenth amendment established citizenship for any person born in the US millions of slaves that were born in the US that were not considered citizens expanded legal equality didn t grant the vote slaves counted as 3 5 of a person 3 5 compromise blacks wont count as their full number population they count as 3 5 of their population gave them more power in Congress if they denied the vote then African americans would not count as 3 5 of a person they would count as 0 5 which is a poor representation in government small black population in the north if blacks were allowed to vote it would greatly increase representation in the South 15th Amendment prohibited people from not being allowed to vote based on race didn t help women however left open other restrictions property restrictions literacy tests could not vote if they could not write and or read and if they did not own property Life in the post war South African Americans Find loved ones that they were separated from Wanted to find new work What was Freedom family life mass meeting travel education political participation land ownership Freedmen s Bureau help free slaves government sent agents to the South 1865 1870 to biggest achievements were education and health care 1869 3000 schools were being set up set up hospitals less successful with economic relations had no choice to work for white people on plantations had no money to move or buy their own land women worked as cooks and maids in private homes wages remained extremely low Georgia and South Carolina tasks must be completed by specific deadlines Share cropping blacks desires for land work for plantation DIVIDED AT END OF SEASON Flaws in the system owners would pay for tools and then expect the freed slaves to maintain them but then would take 50 of the crops African Americans Whites demoralized at the end of the war widespread devastation due to the result of the battles in the South machinery was destroyed Destruction of property lost slaves as well expectation of life someone else will do the work for them on their property Sharecropping Subsistent farmer self providing small farm grow enough to feed their families Carpet baggers Scalawags Ku Klux Klan victims were blacks teachers irish born teacher in a black school was lynched The Decline of Reconstruction Waning Northern Support Redeemers White southerners angry demoralized 1870 s hostility of white elites combined with changing conditions in the north depression caused a split in the Republican party Compromise of 1877 Reading Chapter 1 Emancipation white southerners created new laws to bring black people down started to punish black people for the crimes to keep white power and enabled them to have cheap labor which gave the whites more control over the African Americans how was crime dealt with before dealt with slave owners who could choose the appropriate punishment beaten but never came to the law status of slaves no freedom and no rights to a fair trial considering that they were known as property dealt on the plantations changed during reconstruction setting up a new system where different rules apply to whites than blacks differentiate between groups of people based off of the color of their skin result of emancipation for blacks no money a lot resort to stealing for food end up going back to plantations because they don t have anywhere to go they end up incarcerated because they are in debt and have no money so they become freed men who still have to act as slaves almost retransformed into a new slavery boss controls them in different ways