2 17 2015 Week 6 Sleep Disorders cont d Narcolepsy A REM sleep disorder involving sudden overwhelming urge to sleep Cataplexy paralysis that accompanies REM sleep is suddenly activated while person is awake can have one without the other but both can occur ex patient w narcolepsy cataplexy http www youtube com watch v 3MBCeKn0Oeo triggered by high emotions can fall anywhere and hurt yourself hallucinate see dreams think they re real wake up feel paralyzed feel like something is heavy on them and can t wake up people under stress have more episodes younger and can grow out of it slowly Sleep Paralysis the normal paralysis of REM sleep continues after person wakes up REM Behavior Disorder mechanism controlling paralysis during REM sleep fails to work properly nonspecific insomnia sleep apnea slow wave sleep talking sleep walking night terrors REM sleep narcolepsy cataplexy sleep paralysis REM behavior disorder people who are not paralyzed individual will literally act out their dream rare Human Development Chapter 8 part 1 The Field of Developmental Psychology Prenatal Psychology Human Development pattern of continuity and change in human capabilities that occurs thought out the lifespan aren t just interested in how things change but things that also DON T change over the lifespan Q What do developmental psychologists study A Universal Characteristics Individual Variation what is universal puberty traits how people develop differently and experience different things Issues in developmental psych Nature vs Nurture Change vs Stability Stages vs Continuity Nature vs Nurture How much do inherited characteristics nature influence our development VS How much do environmental factors nurture influence our development ex if you were born athletic or actually not always be genetics involved but if it s never taught not going to happen need both Change v Stability Do our personal characteristics change as we age VS Do our personal characteristics remain stable throughout the lifespan Stages v Continuity Do we see behavior change in discrete sudden shifts Stages as we age VS Do we see behavior change slowly along a gradual continuum Continuity as we develop Two Developmental Research Designs ex could just have picked out a group of people that were just literally different ex when comparing people don t know if it s differences of age or different trait people ex different children in each group group 1 5 yr olds group 2 10 yr olds group 3 15 yr olds all groups tested in 2012 Cross sectional Designs Several different age groups are studied at one time point PROS faster cheaper CONS less powerful Cohort effects all people of same generation Longitudinal Designs One group of participants are studied over a long period of time ex studied children when they were 4 wait until 9 to ask same questions then continue to ask same children same questions ex same participants at each test entire study spans 10 years PROS more powerful no cohort effects CONS time money attrition dropping out of the study Three Areas of Study in Development 1 Physical Development 2 Cognitive Development 3 Socioemotional Development Prenatal Development development of infant beginning with conception ending with birth sperm egg baby identical twins 1 egg 1 sperm one baby then split to form two babies fraternal twins 2 eggs 2 sperm two different totally different babies 3 Stages of Prenatal Development 1 Germinal Period first 2 weeks after conception massive cell division for the entire two weeks ball of bunch of cells zygote all cells in ball zygote are pretty identical identical twins monozygotic fraternal twins ends with implantation into uterine wall 2 Embryonic Period end of week 2 to week 8 after conception 6 weeks zygote now called embryo massive cell differentiation nutrients through placenta anything in bloodstream from mother is shared cells now form decide what they want to be ex organs baby is almost complete w heart end of 8 weeks two months has all parts 3 Fetal Period months 2 9 after conception massive physical growth ends 40 weeks with birth Teratogens any agent that can cause a birth defect alcohol drugs chemicals viruses Critical Periods time when developing organs are most susceptible to birth defects Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders FASD a cluster of problems that appear in the children of mothers who drink alcohol heavily during pregnancy Physical abnormalities ex cleft pallet Mental abnormalities ex ADD difficulty with mathematical concepts math money very mild effects or huge effects
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