History of Psych Wednesday August 26 2015 1 01 PM Early science 1800s Modern science Donders RT o Disproves Descartes and Dualism o Findings choice takes longer 1 10 than simple RT Can observe behavior not the mind exactly First LAB Wundt 1897 Science isn t a science unless students are studying it No stats yet Structuralism tabla rosa sensation is the basic building blocks o Properties are only important in the end result not in the basics o H2O Analytic introspection participants train yourself to see a bunch of reds figure out emotions you are your own subject along with other o Can t actually decide on things with other psychologists Ebbinghaus 1885 1913 Want to study memories Start from scratch Remember random words not real words Short intervals fewer repetitions to relearn Don t remember Can still affect you still stored in your memory John Watson Extremely variable results and difficult to verify Problem invisible inner mental processes Stimulus and response only BEHAVIORISM o Eliminate mind o Try to change behavior know more about behavior William James Principles of Psychology First textbook 1890s Most psychology books based off of the first one Classical Conditioning Pavlov was studying salvia o He noticed the dogs would have more salvia during some points of the day o Dogs see guy who feds dog they would have a lot of salvia o Added bell outcome Pair neutral event with an event that naturally produces some Neutral event now produces same outcome Watson and Rayner 1920 Little Albert Conditioning of Fear Take down Freud theories 9 month old became frightened by a rat after a loud noise was paired with every presentation of the rat No inert fear B F Skinner 40s 60s o More flexible o Reward vs punishment o Skinner box starving rat Operant Conditioning moving away from Pavlov s idea Level of food learns how to use level Now add negative enforcement electric floor shock Level now removes negative reinforcement Famous scientist Verbal Behavior 1957 o Explain language o Children learn language through operant conditioning o Random imitation rewarded by correct speech Tolman Rats run mazes o Runs around maze to find food o Wide open on top o High railings o Food to the right always goes right conditioning Spatial location has map in it s head THINKING IS A THING MUST NEED COGNITIVE PSYCH Learning doesn t happen by reinforcement Chomsky 1959 Until rat is placed on the other side and the rat turns left Rats can find food without reinforcements no operant Trained linguist All language has the same parts noun adjectives verbs etc o Used math to prove so o Evolved to do so Language isn t operant o Language is inborn not tabla rosa Goes against everything behaviorism stood for Make constructs into observable behavior