12 27 2014 StudyBlue printing of Psychological Disorders Psychological Disorders Stacy Lu Thu Dec 04 09 14 27 CST 2014 Abnormal Psychology concerned with understanding cause and effects of mind mood and behavioral disorders Evaluations of Behavior Deviance violates standards of conduct expectations of group Evaluations of Behavior Distress based on individual report of great personal stress Evaluations of Behavior Dysfunction interferes with relationships and work social problems Evaluations of Behavior Danger danger to self or to others Modern Theoretical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders Psychodynamic result of intrapsychic conflict manifestation of early childhood experience Modern Theoretical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders Humanistic what it means to be human emphasis on own responsibility for behavior positive regard from others Modern Theoretical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders Behavioral result of classical or operant condition gone wrong Modern Theoretical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders Cognitive distorted thinking faulty perceptions Modern Theoretical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders Biological abnormalities in nervous system genetics Modern Theoretical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders Biopscyhosocial interaction of biological psychological and social factors Diathesis Predisposition Stress Theory people have different genetic vulnerabilities to particular psychological disorders as stress increases likeliness for disorder to appear incresses Anxiety Disorders dread worry apprehension main symptom experienced anxiety during times without control unpredictability cannot calm selves down feel powerless to stop anxious feelings Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD continuous uncontrollable anxiety about multiple things CONSTANTLY WORRYING interrupts almost every aspect of life cannot stop self from worrying what if https www studyblue com printFlashcardDeck deckId 13087040 note true 1 6 12 27 2014 StudyBlue printing of Psychological Disorders Panic Disorder brief abrupt unprovoked repeated episodes of intense and uncontrollable anxiety no trigger very random unpredictable NOT LIKE PANIC ATTACKS panic attacks are isolated events with specific triggers exaggerated fear of situation activity or thing disrupts life people alter lives to avoid phobia acknowledge phobia is irrational DIFFERENT FROM FEAR people go out of their way to avoid trigger for phobia Phobias Types of Phobias Specific e g snakes spiders etc Social e g embarrassing situations public speaking etc Agoraphobia fear of public open spaces Post Traumatic Stress Disorder PTSD after individual has been in terrifying life threatening situation where harm threat of harm was evident victims of war soldiers victims of life threatening event victims of assault etc people who do not receive support after trauma more likely to develop PTSD Symptoms of PTSD uncontrollable re experiencing nightmares flashbacks heightened arousal insomnia exaggerated startle responses inability to concentrate active avoidance of thoughts situations reminiscent of trauma triggers do not want to talk about it Comorbid presence of coexisting disorder secondary disorder Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD persistent thoughts and impulses to perform rituals to relieve anxiety have thoughts about thing realize thoughts cause anxiety want to resolve discomfort come up with compulsion to stop obsession feel powerless to stop themselves from doing compulsions and having obsessions OCD Obsession irrational thoughts obsessions people with OCD KNOW that their thoughts are irrational OCD Compulsion the behaviors actions to soothe obsession Mood prolonged emotional state that can influence all aspects of thoughts and behaviors Mood Disorders intense and prolonged moods that can promote harmful actions and behaviors Depressive Disorders prolonged sadness self blame and worthlessness https www studyblue com printFlashcardDeck deckId 13087040 note true 2 6 12 27 2014 StudyBlue printing of Psychological Disorders Major Depression Symptoms irritability restlessness weight gain loss no change in symptom after 2 weeks Major Depression Causes negative thought pattern hopelessness theory stressful experiences i e loss genetic predisposition brain mechanisms i e neurotransmitters adaptive evolutionary bases e g dark winters loss of loved ones repeated failure Hopelessness Theory Abramson depression results from negative thinking pattern about negative events negative event will have disastrous consequences negative event reflects negative personal quality attributes cause of negative event to something that is stable and global Dysthymia lower form of major depression lasts for a longer time 2 years no happiness optimism for a while Post Partum Depression PPD after woman gives birth NOT like baby blues changes in hormones 6 weeks after baby s birth Post Partum Psychosis wanting to harm baby and or self Seasonal Affective Disorder SAD fluctuations in mood depending on seasons dependent on light exposure Bipolar Disorders mood swings in both directions depressive low and manic high Bipolar I at least 1 depressive and 1 manic episode Bipolar II high phase less extreme hypomania less extreme mania Possible Causes of Sex Differences in Prevalence of Disorders tendency to report suppress distress sex expectations of clinicians stress from social roles response to stress https www studyblue com printFlashcardDeck deckId 13087040 note true 3 6 12 27 2014 StudyBlue printing of Psychological Disorders Possible Causes of Sex Differences in Prevalence of Disorders Tendency to Report Suppress men less inclined to report distress suppress anxiety to maintain macho stronger exterior Possible Causes of Sex Differences in Prevalence of Disorders Clinicians Expectations clinician may diagnose disorder more often in one sex because of they expect to find it in that sex Possible Causes of Sex Differences in Prevalence of Disorders Social Roles women more likely to experience poverty discrimination abuse and stress from family responsibilities contribute to depression and anxiety Possible Causes of Sex Differences in Prevalence of Disorders Stress Response women tend to internalize promotes anxiety and depression dwell men tend to externalize promotes aggression and violence outside of themselves Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition DSM 5 standard reference manual used to diagnose all mental disorders provides clear