Astronomy Exam 3 Created by Gregory Galmin Properties of Stars Spectral type is luminosity compared to temperature As wavelength goes to the right temperature goes to the left Power law dependence between mass and luminosity The larger the star the more luminous it is Video Layers of the sun o Does not have well defined regions of layer o Core temperature exceed 10000000 degrees thermonuclear reactions happen here o Radiative zone energy from o Convective zone goes all the way to the visible surface of the sun o Photospheres are different depths of the visible surface of the sun o Granules are the convective bubbles o Chromosphere much less dense than the visible surface of the sun can be seen during solar eclipses several thousand degrees hotter than the surface o Solar transition o Solar corona very low density a billion times less than the photosphere cannot emit the energy o Corona can become the solar wind o Solar wind ions are no longer gravitationally bound they are liberated from the sun o Galileo found spots on the sun o The sun spots move around o They come and go o The suns rotation is 27 days o Every 11 years the sun spots change in number o The spots are intense concentrations of magnetism o Solar flares are mass that has been ejected from the sun o Sun spots are enhanced by the differential rotation of the sun The Sun The surface is 6000 K Convective circulation near the surface Core Convective zone Radiative zone In the core Nuclear reactions Fusion protons fuse it s because it s very hot Protons and electrons on the sun dissociate Positive and positive repel each other Coulomb repulsion 1 Fermi distance 1 Angstrom Protons turn into neutrons by emitting a positron and a neutrino A positron is antimatter Neutrino has no mass Neutrino is released because spin has to be conserved Charge has to be conserved Light comes from the interior of the sun Gamma rays on the inside of the sun Gamma rays come from fusion The gamma rays get transformed into visible light Granules can be the size of a US state Majorana particle a particle that is it s own antiparticle Why are sun spots dark they are cooler relative to the surrounding You can t cut a magnetic field Magnetic fields have to close The magnetic field of the sun extends far outside of the solar system The sun goes around the galactic center Gravity keeps us in orbit around the galactic center Chromosphere is violet We see the photosphere
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