1 Loveman a Said EBS is i Reifying race 2 EBS a 4 frames i Abstract lib 1 Making race real when its actually socially constructed ii Confounding categories with groups iii Combining race and ethnicity 1 Equal opportunity work hard you can make it ii Naturalization iii Cultural racism iv Minimization 1 It just happens it s the way things are 1 Their attitudes they don t value education 1 Not like zaman its better now i They segregate themselves no ability to learn cultures in b White habitus 3 Brown and Misra a Wage inequality b c Immigration Labor market 4 Massey and Denton a Segregation 5 Hasenfield i Clustering evenness exposure centralization concentration a People processing institutions i Sorting people through different criteria Intersectionality i There are so many other confounding factors 6 Collins a 7 Dubois a Black shouldn t be different i Brown vs board ii Executive order 10925 1 First reference of affirmative action Kennedy a Its when they put a quota of needing x amount of minority in attempt to reduce disparity b Taking positive steps to ensure equality comfortable lives iii Civil rights act 1 No discrim based on color sex origin b Talented tenth the 10 of blacks that get educated are the ones that will pull the whole group up 8 Gonzales a Learning to be illegal 1 The fact that they can get educated then they don t continue ii Complicates social capital iii Hard enough to transition as an adult as it is so illegal status made it worse for them b Menjivar c Accumulated disadv up i Luminal legality in between status students are allowed to go to k 12 schools cant release immigration info and then kids cant get fafsa coz not legal i Success is passed down from parents when you start out poor bad things add d Dream act gave undocumented minorities federal funding Why do they matter Socio Relevant in studies education understanding society structcutre Historically they were marginalized relationship with other countries bracero program Personally the are people o Should have equal opportunities 9 Tyson a Oppositional culture 10 Merlino i It s a white thing to do well in school so they don t wanna do well in school 1 They don t wanna be white ii But they found that people who do well are discriminated against not race issue a The hustle b The achievement gap can never be abandoned because of accumulated disadv i WASL created to see how many prisons they need to build coz it predicts graduation numbers c Solution charter school i Give kids individual focus to help reduce achievement gap 11 Wilson 12 Pettit and Weston Lifetime risk of imprisonment a b Messes up life course trajectory because of disproportionality c Black people are more likely to be in prison than in military get edu 13 Harris et al a LFO cant do shit basically i Vote carry weapons serve on juries hold public office b Reduce family income and increase debt c 3 reasons for disproportionality i Differential involvement 1 Racial profiling 2 Receiving harsher punishment ii Structural racism facially neutral policies 1 Crack vs cocaine unintended consequences iii Bias 1 Implicit vs explicit 14 Massoglia Incarceration and health a b More likely to have diseases coz of exposure in prison i Can t afford health care coz its expensive c Results in disproportionality in health outcomes for black and women because they are more incarcerated 15 Hayward lifecourse track a SES and health the lower SES in childhood the worse outcomes as an adult because of b Health tracking differential treatment institutional racism c Life expectancy a Race an ethnicity in relation to discrimination and health i Stress SES residential segregation 16 Williams 17 Noymer a Death certificates and causes of death b The numbers are inflated because the categories of people are not representative i They lump people together c Discrepancies in race reporting 18 Wilson and Aponte a Class based analysis 19 Oliver and Shapiro a Wealth of a nation Criminal justice system Collateral consequence that affect lifetime i People need to look at wealth not income to explain inequality