NGO Study Guide for Multiple Choices You can expect approximately 20 multiple choice questions These questions will constitute 75 of the grade for the exam They will take the following form Please note that you should answer by completely darkening in the letter at the beginning of the question that corresponds to the best answer You will have 90 minutes to complete the exam 1 What is the name of the NGO strategy generation in Korten s 1990 model that has the longest timeframe A relief and welfare B people s movements C sustainable systems development D community development E all of these have comparable timeframes 2 Which of the following is not an element in the five part definition of third sector organizations from Salamon and Anheier A formally organized B private C must not finish the year with more money than the beginning of the year D self governing E substantially voluntary sources of labor and money F Sixth later public servicing What are the two main forms of activity that NGOs engage in Lewis Kanji ch 1 also powerpoint Deliverying basic service and orgazning political advocacy and public campaigns for change What are examples of specialized roles that NGOs undertake Lewis Kanji ch 1 powerpoint disaster response democracy building conflict resolution human rights cultural preservation environmental activism policy analysis research public information Approximately how much money is estimated to be distributed as aid through NGOs in a typical year Lewis and Kanji ch 1 powerpoint 23 Billion What are the four generations in Korten s 1990 schema of NGOs strategy You should know the four generations and how they are different in character and timeframe Lewis Kanji ch 1 Relief and welfare community development sustainable systems development people s movement not the same as organizational lifecycles startup growth decline termination Korten s stages relate to the role of the organization within a country s development Know the five part and a sixth operational structural definition of third sector organizations from Salamon and Anheier Lewis Kanji ch 1 plus powerpoint formally organized private self governing substantially voluntary sources of labor and money Sixth later public servicing Following the 2007 model from Lewis what are the things that NGOs do Lewis Kanji ch 1 powerpoint Implementers delivering services to people some funded directly by governments others in a more independent role of seeking outside funding Catalysts promoting social and political change and Partners working with government or business in join projects such as in capacity building Be able to provide a common sense definition for NGOs Lewis Kanji ch 1 pg 11 NGO s are organizations concerned with the promotion of social political or economic change an agenda that is usually associated with the concept of development Gives emphasizes to the idea that an NGO is an agency that is primarily engaged in work relating to the areas of development or humanitarian work at local national and internal levels Know the distinction between functional and strategic accountability accomplished at expense of accountability to clients beneficiaries and other horizontal stakeholders Lewis Kanji Ch 2 powerpoint Functional accountability how things are done accounting procedures transparency immediate impacts Strategic Accountability long term impact Know Charnovit seven historical stages for the sector Lewis Kanji ch 2 powerpoint ONE Emergence 1775 1918 Anti Corn Law League SPCA Hull House TWO Engagement 1918 1935 Representation in League of Nations THREE Disengagement 1935 1945 Decline due to European authoritarianism and war FOUR Formalization 1945 1950 NGO observer status codified by UN FIVE Nuisance Value 1950 1972 generally marginalized due to UN focus on states and the Cold War SIX Intensification 1972 1992 NGO roles elevated in series of UN and other international conference SEVEN Empowerment 1992 Present Rio Environment Conference strikes a new role for NGOs in empowering development Be able to provide descriptions of three different levels of structure from which NGOs sometimes arise Lewis Kanji ch 2 powerpoint ONE New development NGOs which have been created by outside ideas and sources TWO Development NGOs which emerged out of pre exsistaing associations and groups THREE The diverse range of pre exsiting informal grassroots associations in a society Be able to name and know the differences among different theoretical perspectives on development including modernization dependency theory neoliberalism institutionalism post development postmodernism alternative people centered Lewis Kanji ch 3 powerpoint Modernization theory Following WWII countries need to achieve economic take off and eliminate traditional impediments Dependency influenced by Marxist thinking colonial powers actively underdeveloped their colonies and imposed unequal terms of trade Neoliberalism An approach to economic and social policy that stresses the efficiency of private enterprise relatively open markets and free trade and depends on the market rather than government to determine political and economic priorities Dominated the World Bank and IMF Effects 2 felt mostly by poorest people since social services had to be cut Aimed to stimulate the private sector Post development This perspective criticized for sometimes romanticizing the local Tend to defuse true social movement Trojan Horse carrying western capitalism into places orginzed around older traditional vaules Development not meant to solve problems but to extend the power of rich countries Postmodern abstract theory a grand narratives such as modernization or dependency are too linear and simplistic historical change is more complex b postmodernists try to fill in diverse local experiences and resistance movements e g James C Scott alternative people centered Emphasis on individual strategies rather than blueprint approaches Actor oriented approaches recognize everyday experiences rather than structural features tends to be descriptive rather than prescriptive Feminist activist prescription for women descriptively showed how neoliberalism hurt women disproportionately Know differences among applied perspectives on development including civil society social capital social exclusion social movements Lewis Kanji ch 3 powerpoint Civil Society a space or arena of action outside the state market and family a good thing for the political left and right but for different reasons