Democracy I Post Cold War Predictions Mearsheimer Huntington Fukuyama Mearsheimer predicted that the end of the Cold War would be a period of instability and likely result in war Huntington predicted conflict in a broader picture in aspects of civilization identity Fukuyama predicted a more optimistic view proclaimed the end of Communism was leading to the end of history and bring forth an age of democratization and prosperity Speaking of development of democracy over time II Waves of Democracy 1 19th Century United States Britain France Belgium Netherlands Denmark Sweden become democratic 2 Post WWII Democracy takes root in the remainder of Western European countries spreading into Latin America as well Ends around 1960s 70s 1964 Military in Brazil 1974 Pinochet rises to power in Chile Junta Argentina 3 Post Cold War democratization spreads again to Latin America and Africa Communism collapses Eastern European nations embracing democracy III Fukuyama s End of History Fukuyama claims democratization led to end of history because he saw history in terms of clash of ideas A Hegel German philosopher Looked at humans as having 3 different components to their nature 1 Desire for survival needs for food water shelter 2 Ability to reason we can figure out how to obtain our needs 3 Basic spiritedness to human nature we desire recognition from people self worth Prestige comes before power identity perspective not realist B Preeminence of Ideas Democracy is great equalizer everyone gains recognition as an equal History is an evolution of dominant ideas C Teleological History Across time people have been trying to work out what type of political social and economic organization will work best for society Seeing history as having natural progress design In contrast to history being a series of random events With this assumption history has a beginning middle and end Beginning hunter gather stage primitive organization Middle advancement technology industry etc development of empires feudalism slavery exploitation of manpower and resources Through this new set of ideas emerge Liberal Democracy idea emerges most important End Clash of ideals between communism feudalism liberal democracy end and thus history ends D Liberal Democracy Based on liberal Enlightenment thinkers Focused on importance of individual Claimed individual is basis of all society equality How do we live together justification for a government that lords itself over people empowers individual Bill of Rights Fascism and Communism opposed liberal democracy Both failed Political power must have limitations We do not compromise on Through democracy since we are all equals there can be no Market economy capitalism free trade Creates direct link between rise of democracy and evolution of economic development A Industrialization Wealthiest countries in the world are the most industrialized Proposes that economic development promotes democratization by transforming society and thus destabilizing existing political order Pre modern times are very simple basic systems and gets more complicated as they make more money IV Modernization Theory Fundamentally transforms society B Societies Transformed Emergence of Bourgeoisie Proletariat Urbanization Education Civil Society Creation of middle class had to fight against existing political order to gain their rights challenged government for right to own property buy and sell goods labor freely Not interested in overthrowing government wanted to gain rights w in it Creation of working class proletariat work in fuel industries Benefit from this process by gaining greater access to goods Represent exploited working class Workers often want to see an overthrow of political system Urbanization demographic changes to find jobs in industrial rural areas Fuels nationalism increases communication Centrally located Mobilization of masses against existing political order Concentrating popular power Education wealth that has been brought to table w industrialization along w accumulating population in centralized areas helps to facilitate process of bringing education to these people cities Education is key to democracy Civil Society wealth development of resources etc allows for emergence of civil society C Democracy Prevails Dominant idea Becomes understood and desired by the masses I II Democracy and the Democratic Peace Evidence for Modernization Theory its Critics With Modernization the middle class and working class are created become politically involved demanding rights and challenging political systems Those who support this theory will point to the fact that the wealthiest countries tend to be democracies and vice versa although there are exceptions Its critics will point out that this is a Western interpretation US Britain France different types of economic political development post WWII in Europe China is a huge exception to this rule They followed all of Modernization Theory s rules but are not Democratic whatsoever There are also poor countries that are democratic Democratic Stability Alternative theory that suggests that democracies create democratic stability not necessarily wealth Civil society freedom loving helps maintain this democratic stability helps resist war because it is not in its benefit Idea of transition switching from democracy to a different form of government would upset the system encourages countries to remain democratic There is much evidence to support the idea of democratic stability More countries are becoming democracies yearly as of 2006 about 62 of countries are democratic We are more likely to have peace with the spread of democracy Democratic peace implies that the spread of democracy will bring peace because we will all have equal recognition of each other 3 Main Points 1 Democracies don t attack each other i e Britain and US in 1900 s also less likely to fight non democracies Britain France appeasement of Germany in pre WWII negotiations and less inclined to be involved in militarized disputes III Democratic Peace 2 While we still exist in a state of anarchy democracy can be the solution to our security dilemma because we are all equal in democracy we are less likely to go to war with each other 3 Democracies prefer to trade with each other in aspects of trade and diplomacy Similar belief systems create more trust more frequent and open discussions cooperation Democracies are more engaged interdependent in trade IV Democratic Peace According to the