COP 3353: Midterm Review Checklist of Topics Covered Thisisalistoftopicsintendedasachecklisttohelpyourecallwhattopicsandcommandshavebeencovered.General Concepts ● Know the basic components of the Unix OS (kernel, shells, file system, utilities/commands)o Kernelo Themastercontrolprogramo Schedulestasksandswitchingtoprovidemultitaskingandmulti-useroperationo Managesresourceso Shello Interpretsusercommandso Passesusercommandstothekernelforexecution(executesprograms)o FileSystemo Informationorganizedasfilesandspecializedfilescalleddirectorieso Utilitieso SoftwaretoolsprovidedaspartoftheOS.Oftencalledcommands● Know the meaning of terms like executable, process, daemono Executableo AprograminaformthatcanbeexecutedbytheOSo Processo Theactivationorinstantiationofanexecutableo Daemonso Processesspawnedbythekernel(OS)toperformtasksonbehalfofOStomanagesystemresource●There are multiple varieties of Unix, including commercial and freeware versions. (Be able to name some)o Commercialversionso SunOS,Solaris,SCOUnix,Aix,HP/UX,Ultrixo Freelyavailableversiono GNU(Gnu’snotUnix)&FreeSoftwareFoundationo Linux(LinusTorvaldscreatedforPCs),NetBSD,FreeBSD●Know what an SSH program is, as well as how to use it to log into a unix system, likeyour CS accounto SSH(SecureShell)o UseanSSHclientprogramtoconnecttoCSmachines-FSUrecommendssecureshellssho UseSSHClienttoconnectto"shell.cs.fsu.edu" username: newacct password:newacct●Know what a shell program iso Beabletonamesomeofthedifferentunixshellso Differentshells sh:Bourneshell,(S.R.Bourne,goodscriptingcapabilities) csh:Cshell,(UCBerkeley,closertoCsyntax) ksh:Kornshell,(DavidKorn,betterinteractivity) bash:Bourne-againshell(builtonshwithmorefeatures) tcsh:Tshell:(Tenexshell)similartoCshell,defaultonLinux/Intelinstallations,defaultonCSaccountso Beabletouseasimplecommandshell,liketcsh(thisistheoneonyourCSaccountbydefault)Files / Pathnames ●Know how to recognize files and directories in a unix systemo Files(areinblacktext)o Awelldefinedrepositoryofinformation Programorcomponentofaprogram Arbitrarytext Anexecutable(binarytext)o Specialfilescalleddirectoriescontainorpointtootherfileso StructureofDirectories(areinbluetext)o Hierarchicallystructuredlikeaninvertedtreeo /isthestartingdirectoryor“root”●Know how to form unix pathnameso Absolutepathnames /home/lister/ships/Starbug /bino relativepathnames Supposecurrentdirectoryis“home”,then: rimmer/Hologramwouldrefertothesamefileas: /home/rimmer/Hologram● Know what directory is "root"o Absolute/●Know the symbols to use in a pathname, for referencingo Specialsymbolsforcurrentdirectoryandparento “..”referstoparentdirectory(thedirectory“above”)o “.”iscurrentdirectoryo yourownhomedirectoryo ~/isshorthandfortheabsolutepathtoyourownuserdirectoryo anotheruser'shomedirectory●Know how to handle special characters in filenames (like spaces, or other charactersthat already have other unix meanings)o Filenamescancontainanycharactersexcept“/”,butitisrecommendedthatyouuseupperorlowercaseletters,numbers,andthecharacters“-”“.”o Forexamplealthoughafilenamecouldcontainaspaceorspaces:o confusing nameo commandsusingthiswouldnotworkcorrectlyunlessyoutelltheshelltonotbreakanargumentatthespacesbyquotingthefilename.o rm “confusing name”●Know how to use basic unix wildcards in filenames/paths, for use in unix commands.These include:o *o anasterisk“*”matchesanynumberofcharactersinafilenameo con*willmatchcon,condor,constant.exeo *.cwillmatchallfilesthatendin.co rm*willremoveallthefilesinadirectoryo ?o a“?”matchesanysinglecharacterinafilenameo b?twillmatchbit,bot,bat.Itwillnotmatchbtorbooto []o squarebrackets“[]”willmatchanyoneofthecharactersinthebrackets.Ahyphen“-”canbeusedtomatchanyofarangeofconsecutivecharacters. [bhr]atwillmatchbat,hatandrat chap[5-8].cwillmatchchap5.c,chap6.c,chap7.candchap8.cFormat of Unix commands ● Know the general form of unix commands (command_name, flags, parameters)o CommandstypicallyrefertoaUnixprogramlocated,forexample,in/usr/bino Structureofacommandistypically:commandname [flags] [parameters]o Flagso Commandsmayacceptoneormoreflagso Flagsstartwith“-”andareseparatedfromotherflagsandparametersbyoneormorespaceso Individualflagsmaybecombinedunderasingle‘–’o Parameterso Parametersareoftenfilenamesand/orpathnameso Commandsacceptoneormoreparameters,separatedbyspaces● Know how to activate the help menu for any command (i.e. the help parameter on commands)o mano Manpages,shortformanualpages.o AllUNIXandunix-likeOShavethisdocumentationapplication.o Similartohelp,isselfcontainedforeachcommand.o Command --helpo Allcommandhaveahelpmenuthatcanbeaccessed.o