Overview(know the pics from the book)Argentina after liberalismLiberalismPatronOwned slaves Gauchos (were rural cowboys)Juan Manuel de RosasCaudilloWanted to maintain national boundariesWanted to keep the French and the British from colonizing ArgentinaGauchos were his police forceIn his attempt to unify the country he made them wear red ribbonsLiberal opposition- he sent people to be hung which is why he is considered a tyrantSamiento Rosas liberal oppositeCamila O’Garmon and her husbandLatin American Romeo and Julie Manifest destiny =US expanisionEra of the Caudillo – Santa Anna centralist leaderAngel Columbia represented manifest destinyAntecedents to the Mexican American WarSuccession of TexasMexico in a Civil War over the abolishment of slavery“Remember the Alamo”When Santa Anna sent his people to the Alamo and used it as a fort and he massacred AmericansPropagandaAlso a symbol for Texas independenceBorder disputeTexas becomes independent but no defined bordersSanta Anna refuses to let the US use Texas as a gatewayMost battles in Mexico CityLook at march to Mexico City chartBattle of Mexico War ended with treaty of GuadalupeMexico looks at the War as an American invasionafter 1848 Central America breaks away from MexicoBenito Juarez – Liberal leaderNative – represents people of native background becoming successfulBirth of Latin America-Conservatives invite French Monarch to fight liberal reform and BenitoMaximilian and CarlotaCinco de May – Battle of Puebla day (not independence) Chapultepec Castle-Stained gained representing goddesses He tries to reason with the liberalsHe was asked to leave and he didn’t so he was killedCarlota went insane, took his body everywhere in hopes that he would awakenUS and NicaraguaStrategic interest (the canal)Filibusters: armed group of lobbyists; private group not representing the US militaryLobby and delay inflationsLiberals invite William Walker (most famous filibuster)Instead of helping the Nicaraguans he declared himself presidents Costa Rica and Cholera interveneSymbolized a relationship of helping other Latin American countriesMyth – Juan Santa Maria goes into the battle and throws a lighted torchThe disease CholeraWilliam Walker“greyed eyed man of Destiny”Profirio DiazRepresents continuation of the caudillo His rule was called the profiriato Mexico at the End of the 19 th Century: Historical Context -The Ravages of War-Political Instability = 75 presidents in 55 years-Corruption-Economic Crisis = in a lot of debt-negative international image General Diaz originally a liberal military manturned against Benito who was an authoritarianRurales his police forceHis goals were order and progressPalace of beautiful arts – European lookPrice of StabilityRailroads symbol of modernization of MexicoCananea StrikeRio Blanco Strike The creelman interviewCreel man = Diaz Says he’s not running for presidency againCentennial Celebration= birthday party for himselfIdalito = strong women , about revolutionary women in battleTaming the tiger Tiger= social forces that wanted change in long standing issuesGeography of revolutionNorth =Francisco villaIndividualist = wanted social changeBandit / opportunistCenter= Francisco MaderaSouth= ZapataRepresented land and liberty Regional autonomy = state powerDollar diplomacyis the effort of the United States—particularly under President William Howard Taft—to further its aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries; this was always peaceful.President Wilson least intervention 1917 constitutionLazaro CardinasNational alter- mass donation to pay off US debtEconomic ethnic nationalismMestizos raceAway from European foreign investsPRIInstitutional rev. Party largest running political party in MexicoMonroe DoctrineUS interventionSpanish American WarRenewed struggledTreaty of ParisResulted in Spain surrendering control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, parts of the West Indies, Guan, and the Philippines to the United States in exchange for $20 millionJose Marti independence leader “Our America”The apostle- foretold against the threat of US imperialismFounder of the Revolutionary PartyTeddy Roosevelt- wanted global powerInvited to CubaPlatt AmendmentJustified US intervention in CubaCuban missle crisisa 13-day confrontation between the Soviet Union and Cuba on one side, and the United States on the otherBay of Pigs invasioninvasion was an unsuccessful military invasion of Cuba undertaken by a paramilitary groupUnited Fruit Company; Chiquitaan American corporation that traded in tropical fruit (primarily bananas) grown on Central and South American plantations and sold in the United States and EuropeGunboat Diplomacyallowed for foreign warships to be sent out to Latin America whenever/wherever something went wrong.La Guardia Nacional de Nicaraguawas the national guard/military police force of NicaraguaThe Marines had links to paramilitaries and the Somoza family, both of which had great power in NicaraguaRuben Dariowas a Nicaraguan poet who started a Spanish-American literary movement.Augusto Sandinowas a Nicaraguan Nationalist who critized US Imperialism (Though he wasn't a Marxist or Communist, he was Anti-imperialist like Jose Marti)led a guerrilla war against US occupation in Latin America.Augustin Farabundo Martian El Salvadorian Communist who led a peasant uprising.La Matanzaotherwise known as "The Slaughter," 10-30,000 people had been killed over the course of 2 days.Europeans had been imported into L. America in an effort to "Whiten" the race.The neocolonial model is shattered by the Great Depression/stock market crash after which the US moves away from blatant intervention.Cuban Revolutionan armed revolt lead by Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement. It was against the government of Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista.ended on January 1, 1959, when Batista was forced to leave the country and control of the cities Santa Clara and Santiago de Cuba was taken by rebelsA "vende patria," otherwise known as a "country seller," was someone who:"Sold their self out" to the USRafael Trujilowas the commander of the Army established by the US in the DR.Anastasio Somozathe head of the National Guard established by the US in Nicaragua.Coca-Cola originally had cocaine in itJose VasconcelosMinister of Education in Mexico and the author of "La raza cosmica"Gabriel Mistrelfirst Latin American winner of the Nobel Peace prize.Jacobo