CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary 1 1 la ascendencia el atractivo el clima el condado antiguo ind gena compartir disfrutar el acantilado el altiplano la altura la bah a el cerro la cordillera el desierto la isla tropical el mar Mediterr neo mar Caribe el sitio el volc n el amanecer el chubasco el hurac n la neblina la puesta del sol la tormenta despejado a encantador a h medo monta oso a plano a seco a soleado a llover ue nevar ie estar en el horde estar en las afueras estar situado el continente heritage nationality attraction climate country old indigenous to share to enjoy cliff high plateau height altitude bay hill mountain chain desert island resort Mediterranean Sea Caribbean Sea place location site volcano sunrise heavy rain shower hurricane fog sunset storm clear skies charming humid mountainous flat dry sunny to rain to snow to be on the edge to be on the outskirts to be situated continent la provincia el glaciar la regi n la sierra Vocabulary 1 2 el anglo hispano hablante los antepasados el aporte el la boricua el la chicano a la capa social la etnia el grupo tnico el icono el logro la minor a el orgullo la poblaci n los valores valorar abundar asimilarse destacar se establecer se influir inmigrar pertenecer a superar se el certamen el escenario el espect culo los fuegos artificiales la pachanga el premio premiar el puesto la m sica salsa cumbia merengue el ritmo bailabe entretenido exquisito a festivo a acoger degustar festejar diverso a dominante province glacier region mountain range english spanish speaker ancestors contribution Puerto Rican Chicano social class ethnic group icon achievement minority pride population village values to value to be abundant to assimilate to distinguish oneself to establish oneself to influence to immigrate to belong to to pertain to overcome to improve contest event stage show fireworks party party music award to award booth salsa cumbia merengue danceable rhythm entertaining exquisite festive to welcome to taste sample to celebrate diverse dominant generaci n heterog neo a homog neo a influenc a origen Perspectiva 1 generation heterogeneous homogeneous influence origin At first glance the spanish world appears to be homogenous but in reality this is not so The first immigrants arrived from spain in 1492 and rapidly dominated the native population of each area To differentiate from the pattern of immigration in the United States where the immigrants arrived mainly in compound groups of families to Latin America the soldiers that arrived mixed with the native population forming a new race This is the new race that is celebrated in the festival of the Day of the Race D a de la Raza It is a new individual that is not European nor is it indigenous But did the Latino Americans belong to only one race Is it a homogeneous group Can you guess only by their looks if a person is Latin American Like that in the United States many groups of various countries are established in Latin American They arrived in groups from Japan Korea Germany France Portugal Africa Italy and China among others In these countries that are on the coast of the Carribean Sea like Venezuela Colombia Panama Costa Rica Honduras Cuba Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico there is much African influence that is due to the slave trade In Peru 20 of the population is of Japanese ancestry due to various waves of immigration that began in 1899 In Argentina more than 90 are of Spanish and Italian influence To Chile Argentina and Bolivia arrived hundreds of Koreans since 1961 Latin America like the US is a melting pot of races Uses of Present Indicative Conditions of situations that aren t specifically bound by time including habitual Actions that Occur in the present or actions in progress actions that will occur in the near future actions in past tense narrations that are brought to life through the use of the present actions tense ir a infinitive or pensar a infinitive planning to or going to Uses and Ommisions In Spanish in all verb tenses the endings of the conjugated verb indicate the subject of the verb For this reason the subject pronouns yo t l ella usted nosotros as vosotros as ellos ellas ustedes are only used when introducing new subjects contrasting subjects or when the subject is not obvious either from the verb ending or the discourse WHEN NO POSSIBILITY OF AMBIGUITY SPANISH SPEAKERS OMIT SUBJECT PRONOUNS Ser Estar Haber y Tener Ser and Estar Uses of the verb Ser profession or occupation origin what something is made of possession nationality religion or political affiliation intrinsic qualities time dates seasons where an event is to take place certain impersonal expressions Uses of the verb Estar location with the present progressive tense with adjectives describing conditions that are subject to change or deviate from what is considered the norm example aburrido a with ser boring with estar bored enfermo a with ser sickly person with estar ill Uses of Haber and Tener hay an irregular form of the verb is used to express the idea of there tener can also be translated as to be but is limited to a os to be x years old cuidado careful calor hot xito successful celos jealous fr o cold hambre hungry la culpa guilty miedo scared prisa to be in a hurry no raz n right wrong sed thirsty sue o tired sleepy suerte verguenza ashamed embarrassed Perspective 2 The US citizens of Spanish ancestry have contributed enormously to the development of the US They have left their print on public service industry entertainment sports business sciences literature and politics Two featured Spanish people are Bill Richardson and Esmeralda Santiago Bill Richardson of Mexican descent was born in Pasadena California in 1947 but spent his childhood in Mexico City At 13 years his parents sent him to the US where he recieved a baccalaureate in politcal sciences and French from Tufts University where he also got a master s degree in international relations His political career is very distinguishable He served congress for 14 years was a UN ambassador was a secretary of limited energy under President Bill Clinton and the governor or New Mexico since 2002 In 2008 he looked to be the democratic nomination for US president Bill Richardson is now one of the most influential people in the US Esmeralda Santiago the oldest daughter of 11 brothers and sisters born in San Juan Puerto Rico arrived to the US at 13 years old She studied in the University of Harvard where she graduated with honors Her first book Cuando Era