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Spanish 100Final Exam ReviewSer y estarLos usos de Ser- Profession or occupation.  “El es professor”- Origin.  “El es de Nueva York”- What something is made of “ Ellos son de cuero”- Possession “Eso es mío”- Nationality, religion, or political affiliation  Yo soy judío- Intrinsic qualities. Yo soy simpatico- Times,dates, and seasons Es el verano- Where an event takes place La fiesta es aquello- Impersonal expressionsLos usos de Estar - Location  está en la casa- Present progressive  estoy comiendo- Conditions that are subject to change  yo estoy feliz- Past participles  - Change from the norm  Tener---- Limited to certain idiomatic expression EX: tener calor, tener sedHacer y haberUsos de Hacer - Hacer y Haber describe weatherHaber- Indicates the existence of singular nouns (hay only)- EX: hay un estudiante en clase.Position of adjetives- Adjetives before the noun refer to a natural characteristic of the nouno EX: la blanca nieva  the snow is white as always)- Adjetives after the noun refer to a description of contrasto EX: Las flores anaranjadas  the orange flowers(other colors)Preterite y ImperfectUsos del preterito- To represent actions or events as completed in the past(Specific times)o Gloria y esteban se casaron en 1975- To refer to the beginning or end of an action or evento Empezaron a tener dificultades en 1980o Se divorciaron en 1983- To narrarate a sequence of actions or to highlight main actionso Volvieron a su casa tarde, llamaron a la puerta tresveces y la niñera despertòPreterite time expressions page 56 (Refer to specific times orcompleted actions)Usos del imperfect- To characterize past actions as ongoing events withoutreference on their beginning or endo En esa epoca ellos se llevaban bastante bien.- To talk about past actions in progress while other actionstook placeo Esteban viajaba mucho cuando la relación empezódeteriorarse - To talk about habitual actions or repeated actions in the past,ideas that are typically communicated in English with “used to”o Cuando Glorida y Esteban eran adolescents, siemprehacían planes para el futuro.- To talk about time of day, age, and weather in the pasto Gloria tenía 18 anos cuando salio con esteban porprimera vez.- Sets the scene and simultaneous actions (in the past)Typically the difference in meaning between the same verb inpreterite and imperfect is that the preterite means the action wascompleted whie imperfect means the action of the verb.- Yo no quise comer pizza  I didn’t want to eat pizza (anddidn’t)- Yo quería comer pizza  I was wanting to eat pizza ( but notnecessarily did or didnt)Imperfect time expressions page 57 (refer to frequent/ongoingactions)Interruption of an ongoing action (imperfect) results in preteriteusage.Palabras negatives e indefinidas- Negative word must precede the verb to make the sentencenegative with additional ideas made negative.o EX: No quiero comer nada.- Algunas and ningunos must agree in gendero EX:Tienes algunos adornos? o Tienes algunas amigas (os) ? No tengo ninguna amiga,no tengo ningùn amigo- Before masculine singular nouns, these are shortened to algúny ningúno EX:No, no tengo ningún adorno (No I don’t have oneornament)o EX: Si, yo tengo algún adorno ( yes I have oneornament)- Ningún (o, os, as, a ) is almost always used in the singular(Above)` except when the noun it modifies only exists inthe plural o EX: Tienes algunos pantalones? Tienes algunasamigas?o Yo no tengo ningunos pantalones , (I don’t have anypants) Ningunas with a AS noun end- When alguien and nadie refer to people, they must be precededby A when used as direct objectso EX: Conoces a alguno de los participantes? Alguno is adirect objectAccents- Preterite form only Yo and El/ella/usted have accents o EX: Yo comí, el comío.- Irregular preterite has NO ACCENTS- Imperfect regular AR verbs only have accents in nosotros formo Nosotros hablábamos- Imperfect ir/er verbs have accents on every verb on the ío Yo comía pizza- Irregular imperfecto IR & SER only has accents nosotros form “íbamos”“éramosLos usos Por y Para:Expresions for por y para are found onPages 98 and 99.Para1. Movement or direction toward a destinationa. Él salió para la oficina2. A specific deadline or future periodof timea. Tenemos que inscribirnos en la UNAM para octubre3. Purpose, use, goal, or intended recipienta. El dineroes para tu estancia en Pueblab. Muchas personas viajan para madurar4. An implied comparison of inequalitya. Para una persona de diecinueve años, ha visto mucho mundo.5. Opinion or judgementa. Para mí , prefiero limitar mis gastos personales.Por1. A specific period of time, or general time of daya. El pasaporte esta vigente por un periodo de diez años.2. Movement along or through spacea. Nos encanta pasear por el Zocalo.3. Cause, Reason or Motivea. Por falta de dinero, no puede vacunarseb. Muchas personas visitan las pirámides por curiosidad4. An Action that is about to take placea. El Avión esta por salir del aeropuerto5. On behalf of, for the sake of, in favor ofa. Como estas enfermo, voy por ti al banco para retirar dinero6. The object of an errand with ir, venir, pasar y preguntara. Ell vino y pregunto por ti.7. Means of communication or transportationa. Ella habla con sus padres cada semana por telefono.8. The exchange of money or substitution of one thing for anothera. Pago cien pesos al mes por el seguro medico9. The agent of an action in passive constructiona. Las pirámides fueron construidas por los aztecas10. Rate, frequency, unit of measurea. Hay un professor por cada veinti estudiantes11. Multiplication  seis por dos son doceVerbos reflexivos y reciprocos:True reflexive verbs are used in daily activities and routines to describe actions for which the subject and object are the same. EX: Juan se mira (a sí mismo) en el espejo  Juan looks at himself in the mirror a si mismo, a ti mismo, y a si mismo add emphasis to the sentence.“Se” is used in the reflexive for either yourself, him/herself, or oneself all dependent on who the recipient of the action.Many verbs


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PSU SPAN 100 - Final Exam Review

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