Last updated March 13 08 SAMPLE ABSTRACT OUTLINE An abstract should briefly Re establish the topic of the research project Give the research problem and or main objective of the project this usually comes first Indicate the methodology used Present the main findings Present the main conclusions See suggestions below but also visit the section EXAMPLES at http www languages ait ac th el21abst htm 1 Word limit An abstract including a bibliography or examples if needed must be no more than 500 words Please note the word count at the bottom of the abstract Except for the instructions given below no special form or format is needed for this initial submission of the abstract 2 Title At the top of the abstract put the title Many abstracts are rejected because they omit crucial information rather than because of errors in what they include A suggested outline for abstracts 500 words max is as follows 1 Choose a title that clearly indicates the topic of the paper and is no more than one line long 2 State the problem or research question raised by prior work with specific reference to relevant prior research 3 State the main point or argument of the proposed presentation 4 Cite sufficient data and explain why and how they support the main point or argument Explain abbreviations at their first occurrence 5 If your paper presents the results of experiments but collection of results is not yet complete then report what results you have already obtained in sufficient detail so that your abstract may be evaluated Also indicate the nature of the experimental design and the specific hypothesis tested 6 State the relevance of your ideas to past work or to the future development of the field Describe analyses in as much detail as possible Avoid saying in effect a solution to this problem will be presented If you are taking a stand on a controversial issue summarize the arguments that lead you to your position 7 State the contribution to research made by the analysis 8 While citation in the text of the relevant literature is essential a separate list of references at the end of the abstract is not always unnecessary Sample abstracts 1 Area Linguistics Example of a longish abstract Towards an Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures APiCS name omitted Max Planck Institute Leipzig Germany e mail omitted Creole studies have seen various attempts at explaining the grammatical features of creole languages Different scholars have variously emphasized the role of substrates superstrates and universal features Many of these claims have been stimulating but they were often based on a small amount of merely suggestive data There have been a number of earlier broadly comparative studies e g Ferraz 1987 for Portuguese based creoles Goodman 1964 for French based creoles Hancock 1987 for Atlantic English based creoles Holm Patrick to appear Comparative creole syntax Battlebridge have been the first to carry out a collaborative project different scholars have decribed 18 creole languages with respect to 97 morphosyntactic features In this paper we would like to report on an even more ambitious project the Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures APiCS which continues this line of collaborative comparative creole work The goal of APiCS is to gather comparable synchronic data on the grammatical and lexical structures of a still larger number of contact languages i e 60 80 pidgin and creole languages The data will be presented in the form of maps and as an interactive electronic database A companion volume will contain sociohistorical and grammatical sketches of each language This publication will be a comprehensive and authoritative reference work on creole language structures bringing together the expertise of dozens of creolists from around the world APiCS will thus serve as an invaluable tool for teaching and research making systematic data on creole languages readily available for a wide range of research questions diachronic theories of creolization uniformity and diversity of creoles general properties of language contact typological characteristics of contact languages The language set should contain not only the most widely studied Atlantic and Indian Ocean creoles but also less well known creoles from Africa Asia Melanesia and Australia Each language will be the responsibility of a single author or team of authors On the maps each language will be represented by a dot The data base will consist of 150 200 structural features which will be drawn from all areas of language structure phonology morphology syntax lexicon APiCS will be published as a two volume work The first volume will contain the descriptions of the structural features and the maps while the second volume will consist of concise prose descriptions of the sociohistorical context of each language as well as synchronic grammatical sketches highlighting the major distinguishing features In addition the first volume will be accompanied by a CD ROM containing the database in electronic form together with an interactive map generating and search tool that will allow various research questions to be addressed The electronic version will also contain sound files For each language users will be able to listen to a short spontaneous narrative text that is glossed and translated Even though the project is still in its initial phase about 40 experts of particular pidgins and creoles have committed themselves to contributing to this ambitious collaborative work 2 Area Geography mapping Example of a short abstract SHALLOW WATER MAPPING OF THE HAWAIIAN EEZ name omitted University of Hawaii Pacific Mapping Program Honolulu Hawaii U S A e mail omitted The principal objective of this paper is to demonstrate the capability in Hawaii to conduct near shore mapping accurately and inexpensively The availability in Hawaii of a commercial and technical service to provide shallow water seafloor maps and ocean bottom imaging will enable high quality monitoring of waste dumps outfalls and pipelines and will create a successful service here and most likely throughout the Pacific The various City and County units and State departments will make wide use of the new mapping and imaging capability and the Federal agencies will benefit from the updated hydrographic maps and images Mapping has always been a tedious and compromising task which has been improved rapidly in the past with the use of laser GPS system high performance computer and digital data