COMM 209: EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDETHURLOW ET AL.-Technology= o Technology can, in principle be very far-reachingo Broadly speaking; technology is how people modify the natural world to suit their own purposes. From the Greek word TECHNE, meaning ‘art’ or ‘artifice’ or ‘craft’, technology literally means the act of making or crafting, but more generally it refers to the diverse collection of processes and knowledge that people use to extend human abilities and to satisfy human needs and wants.o Not just computers or cameras but technology also includes things like a doorbell, vaccum, clock, forks, tv, toothbrush. o It is also as old as the wheel and writing and as simple handwritingo Printing press mid 15th century, telegraph 1840s, telephone 1870s, tv 1930so These all enabled mass publication and far greater speed and distance.o There is always a distinctions to be drawn between what technologiesare SUPPOSED (or designed) to do and what people ACTUALLY do with them. Whatever the intentions and goals of the designers and inventors of different communication technologies, ‘ORDINARY’ people inevitably make their own decisions about WHETHER they want to use the technology, and more importantly HOW they want to use it based on their own needs and values.o Communication technology as ‘new’ if it’s digital and computer-based-Internet= o The Internet is an almost global network connecting millions of computers, using a number of agreed formats (known as “protocols), users are able to transfer data (or files) from one computer to the next.**the internet is not a single communication technology but rather a collection of different technologies for communication.There is no single way of communicating on the interneto According to the almost mythical history of the Internet, it was originally envisioned in the 1960s by the US Department of Defense asa means of securing information exchange in the event of nuclear war.And later taken up by academics. Also email was unexpectedly taken up by users as a way of doing things socially rather than things scientific.o Convergences- we simply mean the coming together and/or overlapping of different aspects of somethingo Hobbes detailed timeline of the internet:o-Web=o Developed originally as a means of scientific information exchange in the 1990s, the “WEB” is a system of computer servers connected through the Internet, and which supports the exchange of files (or webpages) formatted mostly in a simple programming language known as HTML (HyperText Markup Language). o The Internet and Web ARE NOT TECHNICALLY SYNONYMOUS.o The WEB is a technology within a technology; it is just one part of the Internet which also hosts the transfer of other types of documents or files, best examples of which are emails and discussion group postings.o The WEB is to the INTERNET what LANGUAGE is to COMMUNICATION; it can account for everything we do, but it is unquestionably a major element in the larger systemo The WEB is the MOST IMPORTANT and MOST DOMINANT COMPONENT OF THE INTERNETo Email, chat, bulletin boards are just about all web-based these days.o Convergence of the internet and the web:-Genres of CMC (computer mediated communication) technologies that are commonly studied=o Emails, listservs and mailing listso Newsgroups, bulletin boards, and blogso Internet relay chat and instant messagingo Metaworlds and visual chato Personal homepages and webcamsThese are all “technologies within technologies” which facilitate interactionThese are the “places” in cyberspace where people hang out together and the “niches” where they are sociable-Relationship between cyberspace and the “real world”=o CYBERSPACE= is about the people who use the Internet and the different uses they put it to.Used to be the exclusive domain of relatively few peopleToday it is just an added dimension in the lives of many people and it’s hard to imagine many people living in isolation from the internet and webo CYBER SOCIETY= a term which perhaps describes better the way that communication mediated by the internet is all about social life; people, interactions, relationships, identities and communities. Its for this reason that we’re less interested in the technology per se, than in its human users and useso REAL LIFE=o Overlap between CYBERSPACE & REAL WORLD DIAGRAM; sometimesthe difference is sometimes impossible to tell.oDIAMOND AND BATES-What is ARPAnet?-What is NSFnet?-How are the two related?DIZZARD-What is the information age?=o Is an inadequate phrase foro TheGInformation AgeG(also known as theGComputer Age,GDigital Age,or New Media&Age) is a period inGhuman historyGcharacterized by the shift from traditional industry that theGindustrial revolutionGbrought through industrialization, to an economy based on information computerization. The onset of the Information Age is associated with theGDigital Revolution, just as theGIndustrial RevolutionGmarked the onset of the Industrial Age.o-What are the three stages in the three-stage progression toward an information age?o 1. Beginning with changes in the basic information production and distribution industries It is concentrated in what the Department of Commerce’s 1977study called the “primary information sector”. This sector isdominated by a relatively small group of large corporations that are the builders and operators of the basic information and communication infrastructureo 2. Leading to a greater range of services available for other industries and for governmentit involves the industries and organizations, both private and public, that will be the primary users of the new high-technology network.Their dependence on the services of the new technology is already extensive and it is increasing exponentiallyo 3. Resulting in a vastly expanded range of information facilities at the consumer level (most far reaching stage*)This stage will accelerate during the coming decadeThis is the mass consumerization or high-technology information servicesPOSTMAN-What is the new problem we are facing in regard to information and why is this problem important?o Information glut, information incoherence, information meaninglessnesso We have transformed information into a form of garbage and ourselves into garbage collectors-Why is narrative important? What function does it serve?o Narrative is important because it helps people know what to do with informationo There was the