CLP 4134 Abnormal Child Psychology Lecture Notes Exam 4 If you want to find notes for a specific date ex 7 8 or topic autism press Ctrl F on your keyboard Command F for Mac users and type in what you want to find It ll search the document for whatever specific word phrase you typed in and save you the time of scrolling through everything Also this set of notes may exclude material found in the Powerpoints This is because they are available on Blackboard so there is really no need to have them typed out here They are also free Tues 7 8 Intellectual disability ID IQ standardized in bell curve normal distribution 2 5 of people have IQ under 70 Severity criteria Adaptive functioning NOT IQ IQ less valid measure at low end b c small sample Adaptive function Not enough to have IQ under 70 Must be able to meet daily demands Concept speech money skills basic reading skills Social interaction lack of gullibility following rules laws Practical eat dress bathe toilet clean house have job IQ stability W o disability unstable from 0 1 yr but pretty stable from 4 12 yr W disability stabilizes earlier Protective factors stimulating environment for mild ID only Risk factors prolonged stress cortisol Prenatal environment influences chance Genes biology 60 of influence environment 40 of influence Flynn effect Apparent increase in IQ over past decades 3 IQ every 10 yrs Changing measurement standards new mean Changes in enviro nutrition no strong evidence Educational placements Test bias towards certain cultures Referral bias more likely to get referred if a certain race Biological difs requires burden of proof Environment SES has most proof Racial difs Clinical ID Consistent difs from ppl w average IQ Speech language express less than they can understand not as good at using words Social skills impairment Severity related to IQ but not guaranteed Difs among ID Amount of support needed Self care skills Diagnostic criteria Very low intelligence IQ under 70 Impaired adaptive function in 2 areas NOT same as lack of experience exposure Present by age 18 Mild ID 85 of ID cases IQ 55 70 Usu Diagnosed in kindergarten Can communicate engage w peers 6th grade education level Adults can live work on own Require support in unfamiliar situations Moderate ID 10 of ID cases IQ 40 54 More severe ID less common Diagnosed in preschool Uses single words gestures Needs support in many areas Adults usu Can do self care on own Severe ID 3 4 of ID cases IQ 25 39 Delayed physical milestones walking toilet training More severe ID more physical symptoms more likely genetic cause Problems w mobility cardiovascular system 13 15 yr kid has abilities of 4 6 yr old Can t live on own Usu Adapt well to group home Profound ID 1 2 of ID cases IQ under 25 Abnormal facial features from infancy Sensory impairment unresponsive to touch etc Extensive support needed for entire life Eating toilet bathing dressing moving around DSM IV vs DSM V IV used IQ higher inter rater reliability V and AAIDD uses impairment Good for seeing if ppl need help Standardized impairment Demographic difs 1 3 for mild ID ID more common in males mild moderate From reporting difs genes Race SES correlations for mild ID no difs for severe ID Enviro can cause small changes improvement for mild cases but not severe ones Severe genetic cause Learned helplessness Lack of control over avoiding pain failure stop trying Means they won t learn thru experience that they actually can do things Miss out on what they actually are capable of Support minimizes learned helplessness Changing abilities Even if IQ can t change adaptive function can Mental retardation no longer official term Prejudice stigma mockery jokes stereotypes Intellectual disability is Support systems organizations help groups humanitarianism Down Symdrome Attachment difs same social needs but use less signals for showing they need something Need to be held but don t cry hold arms up grab mom s arm Less signals less comforted less secure attachment Sense of Self difs Can recognize self in mirror Impaired language emotion regulation Harder to express how they re feeling Can t get out their feelings harder to deal with feelings Can play games with others esp those with clear rules Harder to read social cues nonverbal messages unspoken rules Social Causes of ID 1000 genes correlated w ID 2 3 of moderate severe profound caused by genes 1 3 of mild caused by genes Majority of ID unexplained Genotype genes Phenotype expressed trait from genes x environment Heritability how much trait is caused by genes Enviro influences Adoption studies 2 siblings born in low SES enviro 1 adopted into higher SES Adopted one less likely to have ID exposure to stimulation Fraternal twin studies 50 shared genes Greater similarity in ID than regular siblings Shared prenatal enviro Single gene influences Phenylketonuria PKU rare recessive gene Metabolic disorder can t digest pheny b c missing an enzyme Acid builds up in body Brain damage body odor seizures Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder Wide range of effects Most common preventable cause of ID Caused by even less than 1 drink day 1 2 per 1000 births Problems w Central nervous system growth Mild ID hyperactive Thurs 7 10 Autism main defecits Social communication Fixated interests repetitive behaviors Social impairment Lack of reciprocity ignore other people comments questions Only notice objects actions Don t pay attention to fact that another person is trying to interact w them Don t look at people talking to them or respond appropriately to Impaired interpersonal relations Poor social communication blank facial expression unresponsive I don t need to make faces at toys computers etc so why make them at people Poor joint attention don t pay attention to same thing another person is no connection Seem off in own world Attachment impairment Some normal behavior prefer mom to stranger Secure base don t signal need to return back to mom Strange situation task when mom leaves they wander around room occupy themself Don t get upset and try to get mom back Communication Typical 3 yr old respond to name point to desired toy say no facial expressions Autistic 3 yr old point to desired toy may do a few of the others too Gestures for physical things in instrumental practical way Not to connect with others May use words but w o meaning Perservative speech incessant questions about random things Might be their way of building relationships w limited social skills Pragmatics being literal Not