GEOLOGY TEST REVIEW #1Historical Geology-Nicholas Steno-Principle of Superposition-Principle of Original Horizontality-Principle of Original Lateral Continuity -William Smith-James Hutton-Charles Lyell -The Principle of Crosscutting Relationships-The Principle of inclusions-Uniformitarianism-Catastrophism-Neptunism/PlutonismGeologic Time-Immensity of geologic time/age of the earth-Geologic time scale- Eon, Era, Period, Epoch, Age-In which Epoch do we live? Holocene!Relative Dating-Superposition-Original horizontality-Lateral continuity-Inclusions-Crosscutting relationshipsAbsolute Dating-subatomic particles-radioactive isotoptes-Emitted particles –alpha & Beta-Rate of Decay -Half-lifeGeology Fundamentals -Structure of Earth-Plate tectonics-Earth’s layers-Types of plate boundaries-Tectonic settings-Minerals-Defined-Identification-Silicates-Rock Cycle-Rock Types-Igneous-Intrusive/extrusive-Ex: Granite, Basalt-Magma vs. Lava, grain size and cooling rate-Sedimentary-Clastic/chemical-Ex: sandstone, Limestone-Metamorphic -Foliated/nonfoliated-Ex: Gneiss, Marble-Regional vs. contact meta Understanding the Sedimentary Record-Depositional Environment-Marine-Transitional-Continental-Sedimentary structures-Stratification-Mud cracks-Cross-bedding-Ripple marks-Graded bedding-Clastic sedimentary rocks-Chemical sedimentary rocks-Formations, members, groups-Correlation-Unconformities -Index fossils-Facies-Transgressive/regressive sequence Life-Methods of fossil preservation-Replacement, permineralization, carbonization, molds/casts, trace fossils et.-J-B Lamarck, Gregor Mendel, Charles Darwin-Inner want, natural selection, genetic inheritance-Organization: Kingdom, Phylum….Genus, Species.(Colored words are related to each other.