Education as an Institution Definition What do we mean when we talk about education as an intuition One of the systems of transmitting particular attitudes knowledge and skills through formal systematic training Social Structures that allow for this History Earliest schools date back thousand of years ago Limited to preparation of select few for very specialized work Medical training Military training Government training Used to reproduce knowledge pass to generation to generation The next major advance in education is found in the medieval era Birth of University Used to train highly selective people Growth of philosophy and logic as areas of study Dominated by clergy who then taught the powerful and other clergy Focus of school shifts from pure reproduction to some creation of knowledge Creation of primary school Access to education conceptualized as a right not a privilege School now available to everyone Rules set in place to require attendance Thought Exercise What would functionalism and conflict theory say Functionalism Outcomes of Provide complete socialization into the society Produces social integration with diverse groups Screening and signaling based on talent Produce a better generation of citizens improving society Should decrease harmful inequality Conflict Outcomes Changes in the economy required more skilled laborers Enforces power dominated relationships Trains worker to move from the school to the assembly line Ranking vs Socratic teaching methods Useless specialization to maintain credentials Reproduce a constantly less costly work force Symbolic Interactions Must look at education as a process and its outcomes 91 of 5th graders time spent either being addressed as a group or doing individual work Replication of inequality The Ophelia complex teachers prefer males Education and Socio Economic Status Socio Economic Status Income Occupation Education Thinking Sociologically Which is more important in terms of one s life outcomes education or parents social class Education and Class Mobility Education and class replication Only prepares for the same level of education Structural access to education Relative levels of education Education as source of hope Goal of new immigrant groups Very much tied to American Dream Biases in Measuring Intelligence Education What methods do we use to measure a persons intelligence Who creates the tests What knowledge is tested Educational Inequality Within the US Educational Deserts Public School systems Robin hood policies money split evenly Charter schools Globally Relationship between education inequality Brain Drain Thinking Sociologically Which is more important Genetics or their environment Bell Curve argument The ADHD ADD Debate The diagnosis is highly suspect Spike in diagnoses Split personality parallel Lack of medical testes Gendered Bias Males Class Bias Role of Non expert experts Treatment Policy Implication for Education Challenges to Education Who is entitled to education Originally outside of the government sector Largely feel to religious organizations Birth of the public school system Still offered to people of European Ancestry Used to civilized other groups Segregated Era Plessey vs Ferguson Brown vs board of education Return to segregation Now neighborhoods are segregated Growth of homosexual only schools Role of Religion in school Philadelphia Prayer Riots The Ten Commandments Stone vs Graham Creationism Evolution and Intelligent Design Epperson vs Arkansas teaching evolution Webster vs New Lenox school distract Struck down contention that teaching creationism was protected by the 1st Found that the intelligent design could not be sufficiently differentiated from Kitzmiller vs Dover amendment creationism The Great Text Book Controversy What changes the contents of primary education textbooks Three largest purchasers of textbooks are Texas Cali Florida Texas and Florida have much higher acceptance of creationism and intelligent design Flying Spaghetti Monster Created by Bobby Henderson of OSU Put forth that this religion also deserved equal time Contemporary Challenges in Education Home schooling Grows out of a rejection of immunization rules Huge over representation of fundamentalist Christians Losts of variation in rules for these schools No Child Left Behind Designed to produce accountability in public schools by producing monetary punishments for poor performance Questions remain about the validity and logic of the process Social structure rarely if ever produces the best outcome but frequently produces better outcome Social structure makes decisions for us which leads us to feel that different outcomes are unfair Religion as a Social Institution What is Religion Characteristics Different from other institutions Big Heads think Durkheim Unifies system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things beliefs and practices which unite into on single moral called a church Weber Patterning of social relationships around a belief in supernatural powers creating ethical considerations Karl Marx The opiate of he masses How Do we classify religions Mono and Polytheistic Orthodoxy and Orthopraxy Right thought Why are monotheistic religions more common more stable Right action Apocalyptic Pre Christianity Near about to happen really really committed Post end of war has already happened rosafondenly Fundamentalist and Non Fundamentalist believe they re correct Conservative and Mainline Strictness Requirements in clothing identify as out group Useful Ideas Religious Capital The specialized knowledge imparted to individuals that allow for the practice of a specific religion Holidays Clothing worship Language As acquired capital goes up acquiring recruits become harder Religious tension the extent to which a religious organization remains at conflict with secular forces Theories Secularization As society becomes increasingly more advanced the solidarity produced by religion will be replaced by other institutions Will find meaning in your profession Holiday will celebrate great men Seen this China Russia The Religions Economy Monopolies are unstable When barriers to entry are relaxed new religious organizations will emerge Growth of religious participations The Life Cycle Sources of Religion Religious Formation Human desire for explanation Offers a framework fro understanding the super natural remembering that what is a natural and super natural changes over time Explains the secularization theory Theory of philosophy