Temperate Grasslands Drought Flood tolerant Family Poaceae Can regrow easily from base Temperate Grasslands Prairies North America Dead center mountains create a rain shadow to the east Temperate Grasslands Steppe Asia lower precipitation shorter grasses used for grazing Temperate Grasslands Veld South Africa Mixed grasses Temperate Grasslands Pampas South America dry grasses clumped at base Temperate Grasslands Rangeland US inner mountain area sparse vegetation including grasses Temperate Grasslands Organisms used as human foods Cereal grains hay fuel animals sugar grass plant Rice Maize Wheat Legumes soybeans Bean roots Vegetables Fruits Temperate Grasslands Agricultural issues Pesticides Fertilizers Seed cost genetic diversity Soil conditions drying of soil means loss of soil organisms Tropical Grasslands Savannahs High temp all year Drought in winter Flood in summer Supports herds of herbivores Tropical Grasslands Migration Wildebeest Travel far distances Elephants have flexible diets Tropical Grasslands Oxepeckers Remove parasites underneath the skin of large animals mutalism Tropical Grasslands Characteristics Dramatic climate changes wet to dry but always hot causes alot of migration due to the lack of water and nutrient filled grasses Tropical Grasslands Predators Snakes cats roadrunners eat reptiles Tropical Grasslands Predators strategies Stalking camouflage high speed movements trap setting physical weapons teamwork Tropical Grasslands Prey defenses Fight Flight or freeze fighting back armor warning coloration chemical defense camouflage escaping acting dead safety in numbers Flowers Male part of the flow Stamen Flowers Anther Holds the pollen and produces pollen Flowers Filament Holds the anther so the pollen is exposed to a pollinator Flowers Female part Pistol Flowers Stigma Receives the grains receives pollen Flowers Style part attached to stigma that connects to the ovary Flowers Inside the ovaries Ovules which are female reproductive cells Flowers Pollen equivalent to the sperm it makes Flowers Corolla group of petals that attract the pollinator Flowers Calyx group of sepals that covered and protected the bud before the flower opens Flowers Pollinated by wind Wind pollinated plants dont produce nectar typically green small and odorless Flowers Pollinated by pollinators expend less energy than wind pollinated plants Flowers Honey bees Order hymenoptera have membranous wing Eggs larva pupa worker adult adult drone adult queen base of nest come queen comb bee pollen honey wax Flowers Honey bees have enlarged hind legs for gathering pollen and a longer proboscis