5 2 2014 PSYC 2101 Notes Microsoft OneNote Web App Ch 14 Psychological Disorders Monday April 21 2014 10 08 PM Psychological Disorders What is an example of a psychological disorder How do we know what counts as a psychological disorder Schizophrenia BPD Depression Anxiety DSM 5 What is abnormal Deviates from norm Causes disruption in life What is abnormal Many ways to think about abnormal behavior Abnormality as a social construct Three Ds Distressing upsetting to person OR others Social judgement Dysfunctional Maladaptive Behaviors behavior interferes with person s ability to function Affects work and love Deviance violation of social norms Behavior that is personally distressing personally dysfunctional and or so distressing that others judge if innappropriate or maladaptive External and internal content Lifetime prevalence varies per disorder Classes of Disorders Depressive Disorders Bipolar Disorders Anxiety Disorders Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders https onedrive live com edit aspx resid 7AF35F2B369F2BE4 1552 cid 7af35f2b369f2be4 app OneNote wdo 2 1 10 5 2 2014 PSYC 2101 Notes Microsoft OneNote Web App Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Dissociative Disorders Feeding and Eating Disorders Substance related and Addictive Disorders Mood Disorders Includes Depression Bipolar Disorder Previously grouped together not separate Lifetime Prevalence pictured Depression 6 7 Bipolar 2 6 Dysthymia 1 5 Depressive Disorders Characterized by ongoing impairing depressive symptoms Negative mood state excessive inappropriate levels of sadness guilt shame worthlessness Diagnosed disorder depends on the number of symptoms and pattern of symptoms How long how many Includes major depressive disorder persistent depressive disorder Length of time differentiates depressive disorder Symptoms of Depression Depressed mood most of the day nearly every day Reduced interest pleasure with almost all activities Significant weight loss gain Typically stop eating Insomnia or hypersomnia Lay in bed won t sleep Feelings of worthlessness Diminished ability to concentrate Recurrent thoughts of death dying people would be better off without me https onedrive live com edit aspx resid 7AF35F2B369F2BE4 1552 cid 7af35f2b369f2be4 app OneNote wdo 2 2 10 5 2 2014 PSYC 2101 Notes Microsoft OneNote Web App Psychomotor agitation retardation Always moving Fatigue loss of energy Depressive Disorders Major Depressive Disorder At least 1 major depressive episode MDE 5 symptoms of depression Including either sad mood or loss interest At least 2 weeks Persistent Depressive Disorder Dysthymia 2 years of predominantly sad mood loss of interest 2 symptoms Lower grade Chronic pervasive Poor increased appetite insomnia hypersomnia low energy fatigue poor concentration Low self esteem hopelessness Etiology of Depressive Disorders Biological and Genetic Factors Levels production of neurotransmitters Serotonin Difficulty producing transporting to brain High heritability 67 concordance rate twins Environmental and Sociocultural Factors Childhood environment life stress cultural factors lead to guilt inadequacy Cognitive Processes Depressive Attritional Pattern Negative events internal global specific Positive Events external specific unstable Learned Helplessness Theory Negative uncontrollable experiences over time leads to situation mood So self efficacy Helplessness leads to hopelessness Learning and Behavior https onedrive live com edit aspx resid 7AF35F2B369F2BE4 1552 cid 7af35f2b369f2be4 app OneNote wdo 2 3 10 5 2 2014 PSYC 2101 Notes Microsoft OneNote Web App Lewinsohn s behavioral model of depression Focused on impact of operational conditioning Lack of rewards Internal Global Self blame Unstable External Specific Stable Associate with all aspects Will never change Due to others situation Only that situation Never happen again Lewinsohn s Behavioral Model No positive reinforcement A lot of punishment from environment Bipolar Disorders Previously Manic Depression Characterized by presence of a manic or hypomanic episode Distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated expansive or irritable mood lasting at least 1 week Symptoms Inflated self esteem or grandiosity importance Decreased need for sleep More talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking Flight of ideas or racing thoughts loosely connected ideas Distractibility Increased goal directed activity socially work school or sexually Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities w a high potential for painful consequences ex buying sprees sexual indiscretion Hypersexual Risky behavior Gambling https onedrive live com edit aspx resid 7AF35F2B369F2BE4 1552 cid 7af35f2b369f2be4 app OneNote wdo 2 4 10 5 2 2014 PSYC 2101 Notes Microsoft OneNote Web App New ideas Manic episode elevated mood 3 symptoms Hypomanic episode shorter period of elevated mood 4 7 days Those with hypomanic episodes are typically more high functioning Bipolar 1 disorder history of manic episodes Assume there will be a depression after high Bipolar 2 disorder history of hypomanic episodes and major depressive episode Cyclothymic Disorder 2 years of hypomanic and depressive symptoms that never meet criteria for an episode Once one has a manic episode one automatically meets criteria for Bipolar 1 disorder Assumption that depression will follow Hue difference between manic and depressive symptoms Irritability Cognitive responses General population operates on continuum that is normal Bipolar 1 higher highs lower lower Bipolar 2 some lows Cyclothymic lower levels across the board Anxiety Disorders Now includes Specific Phobias Generalized Anxiety Disorders Panic Disorder Agoraphobia PTSD and OCS moved into other categories PTSD highly inflated by military Anxiety Anxiety state of arousal tension and apprehension that is a natural response to perceived threat Anxiety is an important necessary emotion WHY Related to fear Anxiety Disorders occur when the frequency intensity of anxiety response is out of proportion to the siutations that https onedrive live com edit aspx resid 7AF35F2B369F2BE4 1552 cid 7af35f2b369f2be4 app OneNote wdo 2 5 10 5 2 2014 PSYC 2101 Notes Microsoft OneNote Web App trigger them Include Specific Phobia Social Phobia Generalized Anxiety Disorder Panic Disorder Four Components of Anxiety Emotional Symptoms Fear nervous on Edge 1st noticed symptom Cognitive Symptoms Excessive uncontrollable worry Concerns about coping Behavioral Symptoms