POL S 204 The deep social structure of humankind and Co Resident Patterns in Hunter Gatherer Societies Show Unique Human Social Structure Reading Notes The Deep Social Structure of Humankind Defining a common denominator or deep structure The search for deep structure in humankind is far more challenging then in primates scientists look at 2 data sources to create a model Comparing hunter gatherer societies which are the most informative groups for understanding the social evolution of humans Comparing human hunter gatherer societies to nonhuman primate societies humans multilevel structures of alliances inclusive social entities Primates independent single group structures Humans communities of families monogamous which is unique in primates Humans more flexible with both sexes staying or leaving Primates either sex moves to a new group around puberty losing contact with their Natal group Humans have close bonds with siblings often living together in hunter gatherer societies Primates siblings stop interaction around puberty humans bilineal preferential kin recognition un paralleled primates preferential bond matrilineal kin recognition humans preferential bonds with in laws affines uniquely human feature accounts for much of coresident group members in hunter gatherer societies cid 127 Male primates are territorial and attack male strangers primates will mate with either sex in their group cid 127 male residence females move pair bonding in humans allows children to recognize fathers and family alliences bonds keep people from fighting this would make safe zones larger males could move between groups network of human social structure These multi leveled alliance structures raised challenging questions permanently Fourth First Second Third Fifth Sixth Primates cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 What cognitive prerequisites were necessary for social groups to act as individual units and coordinate their actions in relation to other units Co Resident Patterns in Hunter Gatherer Societies Show Unique Human Social Structure cid 127 Our biological success is based in cooperation with non kin and exceptional reliance on cultural transmission cid 127 maintenance of living space transportation of children and possessions providing of public good Food sharing childcare food acquisition construction Resulted in slow juvenile growth late sexual maturity high fertility high adults survivorship long post reproductive lifespans Cooperative breeders Shared intentionality teaching and learning equitable distribution willingness to punish norm violators Flexible bilocal residence leads to neither sex being surrounded mainly by kin Monogamous pair bonding paternal recognition with Cooperative breeding social units and by sexual disbursal facilitate frequent and friendly intergroup relations migration and low group genetic relatedness 1 bands are mainly none kin constant flow 2 pro social emotions and inequality aversion is not directly linked to kin however ethnic group seems plausible hypothesis INOVATION In larger groups networks there are more chances for innovation observation trials evaluation of success greater exposure to new ideas Proof widespread tools and materials cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127