11 7 13 Juwon Lee Personality and Close Relationships attachment theory Influenced by Freudian and learning theory Why do children want to be near their parents attachment as an evolutionary theory attachment evolved in people because it helps with survival childhood attachment predicts adult relationships attachment differences as a personality trait observing child behavior attachments styles differ Bowlby Ainsworth Shaver applied attachment to describe adult relationships attachment styles last a lifetime influence the way adults function their adult relationships John Bowlby Attachment Theory British psychoanalyst During WWII attachment increases survival People do not like to be alone in times of threat we seek somebody stronger for help Evolutionary Attachment Proximity Seeking getting close to a stronger wiser other to survive All babies engage in proximity seeking but all mothers do not treat their children the same Therefore attachment styles differ the baby learns through early experiences and develops expectations about the world through early mother child interactions these expectations about attachment figures mother or father or guardian and leads to relationship expectations trust issues not worthy of love result of an insecure attachment style Internal Working Models the expectations that the baby develops through early caregiving 1 the expectations of others what are other people like Reliable trust worthy dependable outlook on the world and other people 2 expectation of self am I worthy of being loved cared for receiving attention self esteem regards to self both depend on care of the mother Ainsworth Strange Situation procedure of Mary Ainsworth Observing baby s behavior when the mother leaves the room and when she comes back how the baby reacts with reunion of mother predicts attachment When the mom comes back is the baby happy angry with her or silent to her Secure 55 almost immediately reoriented with the mother comforted by return dependent trustworthy result of very responsive almost spoiled care Avoidant 25 little protest over separation from mother upon return avoidance turning looking or moving away from mother result of unresponsive care Anxious Ambivilent 20 difficulty separating from mother mixed pleas to be picked up with squirming and insistence on being let down due to inconsistent care Phil Shaver applied attachment theory to describe adult relationships adults view significant as attachment figure safety secure trustworthy dependent avoidant not trustworthy you cannot depend on others anxious ambivalent need reassurance insecure Hypothesis individual differences in emotional bonds in infancy predicts individual differences in way adult emotional bonds are established Hazan Shaver 1987 Love Quiz survey to describe your attachment style in your romantic life Secure attachment styles experiences of happiness friendship and trust Realistic ideals of love Avoidant Styles fear of closeness emotional highs and lows Very skeptical Anxious Ambivalent very dependent jealous insecure Easy to fall in love but believe it is rare to find true love chart on PowerPoint Secure people in relationships tend to have long stable relationship Characterized by trust and friendship high self esteem seek others for emotional support offer loyal support to others under stressed mellow easily satisfied with relationship more committed positive fighting strategies talking compromise understanding Avoidants and Relationship unintersted in romantic relationship invest less emotionally grieve less under stress withdraw from romantic partners denial ignoring repression Anxious and relationships obsessive over their partners extreme jealousy break up get back together break up etc highly emotional under stress need attention sensitive to rejection Attachment and Sex Secure people generally good sex lives Anxious people may use sex to increase and maintain closeness Avoidant people may avoid sex because of intimacy more likely to experience negative sex Casual sex for social climbing Attachment and Work Secures approach work with confidence Avoidant use work as an excuse to detach prefer working alone Anxious need to be accepted in the work place fear of rejection Attachment across cultures Secure attachment style does not work well everywhere such as dangerous urban areas avoidant styles may be more appropriate insecure receives negative connotation but can actually work in some environments What happens when people s needs for security are unmet by their relationship partners Research suggests that people can sometimes compensate by deriving security from non human targets God people may turn to a god for feelings of security and care Place people can be attached to places home a bar special place Receive security from a certain environment Pets extremely high correlation between patterns of interpersonal attachment and attachment to pets Technology or objects cell phone without phone anxious Attachment and Facebook FB Jealousy threatened by your partner s Facebook page how often do you look at your partner s page or social media anxiety related to Facebook jealousy and surveillance low trust Sociosexuality willingness to engage in casual sex SOI measures individual differences in willingness to engage in casual sex unrestricted quick to get to sex in a relationship lower levels of closeness love commitment invest less emotionally prefer sex partners with resources social or financial restricted monogamous mating emotionally invest choosy personal qualities In general men score higher on the sociosexuality scale 11 12 13 Know the three attachment styles CH 12 The Cognitive Perspective pictures mental image abstract knowledge association of emotions time sequence experiences Schemas and their development Schema a way of mentally organizing your world through ex dogs What a dog is like emotions associated with dogs images Everybody has different schemas based on experiences Widen your understanding of others schemas The more experience you have the more complex your schema becomes Schemas are natural children use them to categorize and classify things Schemas are summaries of experiences Schemas act as filters and bias our interpretations of new experiences Often we are not aware of them Most develop during childhood adolescence Schemas influence memory things Semantic Memory organized by meaning concept nature image of the Episodic Memory organized by sequence of events space