RCRJ 203 Criminology Cynthia Najdowski 3 27 14 Domestic Violence Historically considered to be permissible or a family matter Gained attention in early 1980 s Statistics somewhat unreliable but progress is being made Intimate Partner Violence Physical sexual or psychological harm by a current or former partner or spouse Other reasons why woman don t leave Violence is perceived as infrequent or not severe History of abuse by parents Limited resources Woman also commit IPV but usually in self defense Battered person syndrome Why men abuse their wives Frustration stress Gender roles learned behavior Alcohol Feminist perspective Patriarchal systems Policy Responses Violence Against Woman Act 1994 2000 2013 Provides civil damages and services to IPV victims Specific statutes Corporal injury of current or former spouse cohabitant or mother father of child resulting in traumatic condition is a felony Early release pardons for woman convicted of killing batterers Mandatory arrest of offenders Child Abuse Sexual Physical Neglect worth Non accidental physical injury as a result of caregiver harming a child Failure of caregiver to provide for child s basic needs Emotional Psychological Behavior that impairs child s emotional development or sense of self Prevalence 3 7 million children investigated in 2008 772 000 causes 21 of abuse neglect substantiated 7 sexual 16 physical 71 neglect 7 emotional psychological Children victims are More likely to be minorities Equally likely to be girls or boys Causes and Effects Stress Social structure factors contribute to abuse Unemployment Of children Social isolation Cycle of violence Social Learning Theory and Differential Association Theory 1 in 10 men and 1 in 4 woman in state prisons were victims of childhood physical abuse