Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Chemistry MULTIPLE CHOICE 1 A theory is a tentative explanation or prediction based upon experimental observations a concise statement of a behavior that is always the same under the same conditions b c mathematical formula that models a pattern of behavior d well tested unifying principle that explains a body of facts e set of quantitative numerical data ANS D 2 Which of the following statements concerning the kinetic molecular theory of matter is are 1 Particles in a liquid vibrate back and forth about an average position 2 Particles in a solid are packed closely together but are not confined to specific 3 Particles in a gas fly about randomly colliding with themselves and the walls of their CORRECT positions container a 1 only b 2 only c 3 only d 1 and 2 e 1 2 and 3 ANS C 4 a 1 only b 2 only c 3 only d 1 and 2 e 1 2 and 3 ANS C Which of the following are likely to form a homogeneous mixture 1 milk and ice cream blended together with chocolate syrup 2 an egg combined with milk and mixed with a whisk 3 1 gram table salt combined with 250 mL of water 5 Which one of the following is most likely to be a homogeneous mixture a blood b soil c gasoline d plain yogurt e mortar a mixture of calcium carbonate and sand ANS C 6 The most recently named element number 112 was recently named after which famous scientist a Sir Walter Rayleigh 1 7 What is the correct symbol for potassium 8 What is the name of the element with the symbol B 9 An electrically charged atom or group of atoms is a n b Nicholaus Copernicus c Richard Oppenheimer d Isaac Asimov e Sir Isaac Newton ANS B a P b Pm c K d Pt e Po ANS C a barium b beryllium c bismuth d boron e bromine ANS D a element ion b c molecule d heterogeneous mixture e solution ANS B ion a b heterogeneous mixture c chemical compound d solid e solution ANS C a homogeneous mixture b ion c element d chemical compound e atom ANS D 10 A pure substance composed of two or more different elements is a n 11 Which term best describes methane CH4 12 Which one of the following statements is not a comparison of physical properties a Potassium reacts with water more quickly than calcium reacts with water b The electrical conductivity of aluminum is greater than copper c The density of copper is less than the density of lead d The solubility of NaCl in hot water is greater than the solubility in cold water 2 e The boiling point of water is greater than the boiling point of ethanol ANS A 13 Which one of the following statements is not a comparison of physical properties a Mercury and gallium are both liquids at 50 C b Oxygen is more soluble in water than helium c Silver and gold are malleable metals d Oxygen and nitrogen are both liquids at 200 C e Calcium dissolves more quickly than iron in acids ANS E 14 An intensive property of a substance is independent of the amount present a b dependent on its volume but not its mass c not affected by its temperature d dependent only on its temperature e dependent only on its mass and volume ANS A 14 Which of the following lists contains only forms of kinetic energy a electrostatic gravitational and mechanical energy b gravitational mechanical and electrical energy thermal acoustic and mechanical energy c d chemical thermal and acoustic energy e gravitational chemical and electrostatic energy ANS C SHORT ANSWER 15 Substances like hydrogen H2 and oxygen O2 that are composed of only one type of atom are classified as ANS elements uniform throughout ANS homogeneous of that element 16 Properties such as color and density which can be observed or measured without changing the composition of a substance are called properties ANS physical 17 A mass of 10 g of table salt dissolves in water to form a n mixture i e a mixture that is 18 A n is the smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristic chemical properties 3 ANS atom ANS density a substance ANS intensive ANS Electrostatic ANS gravitational 19 The of a substance is defined as its mass per unit volume 20 Density is an example of a n property which is one that does not depend on the amount of 21 energy is the energy associated with the separation of two electrical charges 22 Potential energy possessed by water at the top of a waterfall is known as energy 23 The law of states that the total energy of the universe is constant ANS conservation of energy 4