Motivation I The preconditions Bold and italics are concepts that I predict Robert Smith will ask on the test A Exchange Theory Behavior is like an exchange and human will only perform behavior that brings benefits E g maintaining a relationship Understand benefits gain loss very simple I think he will just ask which theory talks about the reason for having motivation B Background information of hierarchy of needs Fig 1 structure of hierarchy of needs Order of satisfaction human satisfy needs according to the following orders 1 preconditions will be discussed later 2 deficiency needs 3 drives states 4 neurotic needs will be discussed later 5 growth needs 6 subconscious Founder Maslow Key nature of needs satisfaction i If certain needs are not satisfied i e love it can cause psychological and physical illness ii hierarchy of needs is a type of humanistic needs which is the opposite of abnormal psychology iii He thinks human has rights to satisfy needs Checkpoint question What is the problem of the third nature of hierarchy of needs He may ask Which of the following is NOT true about hierarchy of needs 1 Introduction to motivation Desire vs needs straight forward and I am not going to repeat the definition again i However remember desire is culturally determined ii Nature of hierarchy of needs Prepotency One type of needs is satisfied in front of others e g you will satisfy hunger needs before the needs of sense of belonging Multiple motives and ascending the hierarchy the fact that you can engage to satisfy several types of needs at the same time as long as it is reasonably satisfied Striving cycle the fact that human will feel relaxed once certain types of needs are satisfied This is VERY important because it is related to later chapters Types of needs iii Deficiency needs lower needs Growth needs higher needs Requirement for satisfying needs functional autonomy Checkpoint question Which one deficiency needs or growth needs Can cause illness if unsatisfied refer to previous page has diminishing marginal returns C Preconditions 1 Human are striving organisms refer to striving cycles above Satisfaction is short lived any marketing implications 2 Human are curious Consumer promiscuity Help to stay happy despite diminishing marginal return 3 Human must have freedom Reactance effect 4 Human has needs to understand and know Curiosity for information seeking Help to satisfy higher needs 5 Self expressive Express some state of the individual Opposite of coping behavior extrinsic motives reward and punishment Perform for intrinsic motives an expression of self state Comparison between coping and expressive behavior The same behavior can occur from expressive or coping reasons Check point question What s wrong if human does not possess the preconditions Motivation II Deficiency needs Bold and italics are concepts that I predict Robert Smith will ask on the test Sensory needs A Needs within the hierarchy 1 Physiological needs This part would be the focus of this chapter for sure i Procrastination put aside things that will hinder the satisfaction of present sensory needs Psychological hedonism vs ethical hedonism Problem with that Are those claims really true No what if it hurts later Solution avoid pleasure that cause pain or dissatisfaction in a long run What s the best long lasting and mild pleasure should be the best e g friendship Homeostasis needs ii Definition chemical equilibrium Cycle of homeostatic needs Fig 1 Cycle of homeostatic need satisfaction Homeo stasis Drive Object Need Drive object substitute partially satisfy needs What is the difference relationship between drive object and drive state Any examples Overt Behavior Drive State Action Impulses 2 Safety needs What responses does the threat to safety produce Fight or flight Physical physical security and psychological safety i e freedom from fears and chaos 3 Belongingness and love needs Belongingness needs i Deficiency based involves diminishing returns social pain causes physical pain implications to daily lives increased awareness of other people think ambiguous situation threatening love needs intimacy revealing the true intrinsic self biggest trouble and even animals have struggles in it ii 4 esteem needs esteem matrix approval of others intrinsic extrinsic intrinsic high self esteem vice versa recall Motivation I self express approval of others high social esteem problems with low esteem needs undermine growth and learning and problems in physical and mental health solution self affirmation developing non contingent self esteem focus on growth Base your self esteem on domains that would not easily fluctuate FYI contingent means it will go ups and downs Fig 2 structure of hierarchy of needs from Motivation I Chapter B Neurotic needs Recall this Unnatural needs states Cause i ii Deprivation Affluence Order of satisfaction human satisfy needs according to the following orders 1 preconditions will be discussed later 2 deficiency needs When needs are satisfied we are in satisfaction 3 drives states state which means reduction in drive state 4 neurotic needs will be discussed relaxed recall Motivation I which states that human will later feel relaxed for a while after satisfying needs 5 growth needs and positive emotions 6 subconscious C Summary of Motivation I and Motivation II 5 preconditions 8 deficiency needs 13 They should be satisfied and at healthy levels ALL adults have neurotic needs Motivation III Growth Needs Bold and italics are concepts that I predict Robert Smith will ask on the test A Introduction Fig 1 structure of hierarchy of needs Recall this Nature must be on the test Especially the part that talks about diminishing return and potency Order of satisfaction human satisfy needs according to the following orders 1 preconditions will be discussed later 2 deficiency needs 3 drives states 4 neurotic needs will be discussed later 5 growth needs We are here now 6 subconscious Universal non cultural Require satisfaction from deficiency needs See Fig 1 Never ending implying NO Diminishing Marginal of Return No equal potency recall in Motivation I Chapter we say the hierarchy of needs pyramid does have prepotency however within the category of growth needs there is NO such thing Meta Motivation Quotient MMQ proportion of motivation devoted to meta motives What is the implication of having high MMQ 1 Psychologically healthy 2 more pro social like considering interests of others before yoursel 3 individualism and