HLTH377 Final Exam Study Guide Sexually Transmitted Infections World War 2 Propaganda showcasing women as the cause dirty for carrying STD s Reasons for continuing pandemic of STI s Mobility Social stigma Ease of cure Under reporting Increase in asymptomatic males in 1980 s Use of oral contraceptives Movement away from condom use until 1980 s HIV Lack of education and knowledge Preventing STI s Abstinence Limiting number of sexual partners Using a condom Human Papilloma Virus HPV Condyloma Virus Incubation period 30 days but could be much longer Over 100 types of HPV At least 30 types are sexually transmissible Can cause genital warts and or lead to cervical cancer Very difficult to test without symptoms especially in males HPV Treatment Cryotherapy freezing of tissues Laser use laser to remove warts Podophyllin male lotion or gel that treats genital warts by stopping cell growth HPV Prevention Gardasil immunization prevents against types 6 11 90 of genital warts 16 18 75 of cervical cancer Vaginitis Candidiasis Moniliasis Yeast Female symptoms Whitish discharge from vagina itchiness bruning Male symptoms Reddish flaky itchy rash on penis and or groin Incubation period 2 5 days Treatment Monistat or similar for female OTC Lotrimin for male OTC ointment Vaginitis Tricchomoniasis Protozoa Symptoms Female Yellowish vaginal discharge with bad odor Male Watery penile discharge and itchy feeling inside penis Incubation period 5 28 days Treatment Flagyl for both sexes Chlamydia Symptoms Female Usually none Male Penile discharge and stinging on urination could be mild Bacterial infection with virus like properties Males with Chlamydia will be diagnosed with NGU non gonococcal urethritis which is mainly caused by Chlamydia Can be passed onto newborns Leading cause of PID is Chlamydia Incubation period 2 6 weeks but can be longer Treatment Tetracycline or similar medication Gonorrhea Symptoms Female Usually none Male Thick white penile discharge and stinging sensation during urination can be quite painful Incubation period 2 8 days Treatment Ceftriaxone or similar medication Penicillin usually not used because of resistant strains January 2013 report that gonorrhea has become resistant to the last remaining antibiotic First report of cephalosporin resistant gonorrhea Can be passed onto a newborn Eyedrops need to be put into baby s eyes because gonorrhea can cause blindness Herpes HSV 2 Symptoms Female One or more sores on labia vaginal opening or around cervix External sores will be painful Male One or more sores on penis Sores are usually painful Incubation period 5 21 days Treatment Acyclovir Zovirex HSV 1 is a cold sore HSV 1 and HSV 2 progression is similar HSV 2 can also be on the mouth transmitted from oral sex Many things may trigger a herpes outbreak such as stress and sunlight Cannot cure but can treat symptoms of the virus Flu like symptoms fever lethargy headaches jaundice Hepatitis B Symptoms in both sexes Incubation period 30 180 days No real effective medications Rest and fluids Phthirus Pubis Crabs Symptoms Itchy feeling in pubic hair particularly bad at night Small dots on base of each pubic hair Lice are visible beige reddish in color Incubation period 8 10 days Treatment Kwell lotion to be used on entire body Wash all clothing and bed linens HIV AIDS AIDS Timeline July 1981 Outbreak of skin cancer linked to gay pneumonia epidemic 30 cases April 1982 Cases among intravenous drug users are reported July 1982 Rare disease detected among hemophiliacs Epidemic finally named acquired immune deficiency syndrome December 1982 First AIDS case linked to blood transfusion detected February 1983 French researchers isolate virus that causes AIDS their work is largely ignored August 1983 Reagan administration officials say AIDS is the number one health priority April 1984 National Cancer Institute researchers announce they have discovered the virus that causes AIDS Turns out to be the same as the French virus October 1984 San Francisco public health officials close gay bathhouses March 1985 Blood banks begin testing donations for HIV July 1985 AIDS diagnosis of movie star Rock Hudson is disclosed setting off an avalanche of media attention to the disease AIDS was initially associated with males 20 40 that were fairly anonymous September 1986 Surgeon General C Everett Koop releases controversial report on AIDS prevention All we have is education AIDS pamphlet was bagged because education is not enough America would not accept this Las Vegas pianist and stage performer Liberace dies of AIDS January 1988 AIDS cases reaches 50 000 December 1988 Former ABC television news anchor Mac Robinson dies of AIDS November 1991 Basketball legend Magic Johnson announces that he is HIV positive The myth that it is a gay disease dissipates February 1992 Tennis star Arthur Ashe announces that he has AIDS January 1993 Definition of person with AIDS is broadened February 1993 Arthur Ashe dies 1995 Protease inhibitors introduced into drug cocktail regimen January 1997 Orasure oral mucosa test introduced February 1997 For the first time in the AIDS epidemic there is a reduction in AIDS related deaths Washington DC 14 cases of AIDS per 100 000 people in the United States DC rate is 128 4 cases per 100 000 higher than New York Baltimore or Philadelphia Modes of transmission 37 heterosexual sex 27 men sex with men 14 intravenous drug use 22 unknown Definitions GRID Gay related immune deficiency Press developed this name not CDC AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome HIV Human immunodeficiency virus HIV is the virus that causes AIDS Disease Progression untreated HIV AIDS Death 6 mos 10 yrs 2 years Disease Progression T4 helper cell count 200 per mictroliter Viral load golden standard of measuring progression of disease Still considered infectious HIV medication can decrease viral load Opportunistic infections PCP Pneumonia Kaposi s Sarcoma Herpatic lesions AIDS dementia January 1993 3 infections were added to the list Pulmonary tuberculosis Recurrent pneumonia Cervical cancer Testing Elisa x2 oral or blood Western Blot definitive but expensive Oral mucosa Oraquick Rapid Antibody test Testing looks for antibodies and antigens Treatment AZT decreased transmission from mothers to newborns from 20 30 to 7 Protease inhibitors Modes of Transmission Sexual Anal Vaginal Oral Kissing About 1 20 college students are HIV positive Alternate Sexual Expression Related Definitions Biological sex genetic material