1 BIO 244 LAB OBJECTIVES FOR EXAMS 1 – 4 Table of Contents Lab Exam 1 Objectives………………………………….………………………………2-5 Lab Exam 2 Objectives…………………………………………….………………......6-10 Lab Exam 3 Objectives…………………………………………….…………………11-13 Lab Exam 4 Objectives…………………………………………….…………………14-20 NOTE: There is NO final exam for Lab 243/244. What do I do with this document? Everything you need to know to pass the course is in this document. If you know all the material in this document and know it well you should do reasonably well. Write down any notes your lab instructor gives and study these objectives in conjunction with the course materials your instructor gives you (website, etc.). How do I study for lab exams/quizzes? Simple…study the material on my website ( http://www.virtualanatomylab.net/ ) with these objectives in hand. Memorize everything and be prepared to identify on a quiz/exam body regions, features, structures, histology (if any), etc. depending on what objectives we’re studying. Take the practice exams I place on BlackBoard. Do these NOW even if you’re not finished studying—that way you get an idea of how the exams/quizzes are like. Set a timer for 90 seconds (1 min, 30 sec) and try to answer at least six questions in this time frame. The real exam will be timed to ensure you know your stuff! Practice your spelling—it counts in healthcare and it counts in my class! Third, study the math conversions and know how to do them well. Math conversions will be on EVERY exam as stated above. Students tend to fail the course by: - not studying/staying on top of the material (well there’s a no-brainer!) – you can’t cram for these lab practicals! - not reading the question(s) carefully – did I ask for a region or an organ? There’s a difference! - not taking the math conversions seriously (if you need help watch the videos on my website and/or download the practice packet).  What do I do if I miss a lab? On occasion you’re going to e-mail me to tell me you, your boyfriend/girlfriend, dog, cat, mom/dad, pet chinchilla, goldfish, or who/whatever is in jail, in court, got pulled over for speeding, couldn’t find the lab, was abducted by aliens, or some other thing. If this happens go to my website and catch up on what you missed using these objectives to guide you. Some topics I have videos for you to watch to learn challenging material (i.e. confusing models, etc.). Any questions you have specifically feel free to e-mail me. What else do I need to know? Glad you asked! You need to know YOU’RE NOT STUPID! Don’t ever let anyone tell you that! I’ve never taught a stupid student! A&P is a LOT of work and YOU WILL WORK HARD this semester. But you can do this! If you want to work in healthcare you will do the work. I have high expectations and if you need help see me immediately! I want you to pass the course, but this is only going to happen if you put in the time! You’re embarking on an exciting career! Excel at what you do! Life’s short—live it with passion and do a knockout job not just for you, your GPA, upper division nursing, etc. but ultimately for the patients you’ll encounter! I’m rootin’for ya! I’m cheering you on! Have faith in yourself and the idea that one day you’re going to make a difference and save lives!  “I’ve learned that you shouldn’t go through life with a catcher’s mitt on both hands; you need to be able to throw something back. “Life is not measured by the number of breaths we take, but by the moments that take our breath away. “I’ve learned that people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel.” –Maya Angelou2 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM and BLOOD ENDOCRINE SYSTEM The Student, using lab models, will identify each Endocrine Gland & know the hormone(s), target, & actions produced by each: (see ENDOCRINE CHART) - Hypothalmus - Anterior Pituitary - 7 hormones - Posterior Pituitary - 2 hormones stored from hypothalmus - Pineal gland - 1 hormone - Using Models & Cat Dissection identify the Endocrine Glands & give the hormone(s), target, & actions produced by each: (see ENDOCRINE CHART) - Thymus 1 hormone - Thyroid - 2 hormones - Parathyroid - 1 hormone - Pancreas - 2 hormones - Adrenal cortex - 3 groups of hormones {give 1 specific example for each group} - Adrenal medulla - 2 Catecholamines - Testes - 1 hormone - Ovaries - 2 hormones The student will identify the following Endocrine Glands and specific regions or structures using pictures in the Lab Manual and slides: - Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)  Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) 7 hormones  Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) 2 stored hormones - Thymus Gland (found in newborn or young Mammals) - Thyroid Gland - thyroid follicles, parafolicular cells or C-cells - Parathyroid - chief cells and oxyphilic cells (function unknown) - Pancreas - Islets of Langerhans (alpha & beta cells), acini - Adrenal Gland - 2 Regions: (I) Cortex - 3 Zones: 1) zona glomerulosa, 2) zona reticularis, 3) zona fasciculata (II) Medulla - 2 Catecholamines : 1) ephineprine, 2) norepinehrine (adrenaline) - Testes - interstitial cells (testosterone) - Ovaries - Graafian follicles (estrogen), corpus luteum (progesterone) LAB EXAM # 13 ENDOCRINE Gland HORMONE TARGET ACTION Pituitary Gland (hypophysis) Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis) 7 Hormones 1. Growth Hormone (GH) All Body Cells 1. Increase cell size, division rate & protein synthesis; (indirectly stimulates growth of bones and muscles through IGF’s). 2. Prolactin (PRL) Mammary Glands 2. Stimulate milk following birth of infant 3. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Thyroid Gland 3. Stimulate production of thyroxine & growth of thyroid 4. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Adrenal Gland 4. Stimulate secretion of adrenal cortex hormones 5. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Testes & Ovaries 5. Stimulate growth of eggs-ovaries, sperm-testes 6. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Testes & Ovaries 6. Production of gonadal hormones 7. Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH) CNS 7. Neurotransmitter for appetite control Posterior Lobe (Neurohypophysis) 2 hormones 1. Antidiuretic