Sources of Data Which is best definitions pros cons know them Observations Advantages firsthand look at real behavior objective Disadvantages expensive and time consuming reactance not everything is visible thoughts Interview and Survey Advantages ask about behavior ask about mental processes cheaper survey Disadvantages lie validity accuracy and awareness Standardized test IQ SAT ACT Personality Advantages quick interpetation greater or less than average Disadvantages expensive limited availability number of tests there actually are Available to take Advantages tells us about mind body connection many are standardized Disadvantages expensive limited availability Psychological Measures measures of biological functions body measures heart rate MRI Cat scan Case Study lots of details on 1 interesting person Advantages rich with data that leads to all kinds of ideas Disadvantages Able to use data to generalize about other people Meeting the Goals of Psychology Through Research 3 types Descriptive Correlational Experiments Goals determine type to use to describe descriptive predict correlational explain experiment control experiment 1 Descriptive Research a As it sounds collect data and summarize it frequencies averages percentages b How to recognize i Just collect and summarize ii No attempts to manipulate predict or determine cause 2 Correlational Research mathematical measure of the relationship between two variables a Looking for patterns and associations if two things associated you can predict one from the other b How to recognize i Gather data already out there and analyze it ii Look for relationships but still no attempts to maninpulate or control or to determine cause c Correlational coefficient numerical value of the relation ranges from 1 to 1 d R tells you i How strong a relationship is measure how far from zero ii What direction it is going positive or negative e Strength f Direction i Farther from 0 better predictions ii Closer to or 1 fewer exceptions i Positive correlation variables related in some direction 1 High scores predict high low to low 2 Example old age and gray hair lots of study high grade ii Negative correlation variables related in opposite direction 1 High scores to low low to high
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