Sensation and Perception Pgs 151 159 163 166 Overview Sensation vs Perception Visual Perception Hearing Sensation vs Perception Sensation Detection of by sense organs Perception Brain s interpretation of sensory info Sensation Sensation Our Sense organs are in our 1 Eyes 2 Ears 3 Nose 4 Tongue 5 Skin Our sense organs are detecting Sound light waves flavor molecules What is done with this info Transduction external energy to Ex action potentials Done by sense receptors Sensory Adaptation Activation in strength Why you stop smelling a gross trashcan after a few minutes Can you think of examples for the other senses Absolute Threshold Lowest level of stimulus we can detect on 50 of trials Just Noticeable Difference JND Smallest in stimulus we can detect Weber s Law JND proportional to stimulus intensity Just Noticeable Difference Weber s Law The stronger the the bigger the change needed to notice a difference Sensory Pathways All senses project to the brain Visual System Touch System Association Cortices Secondary Sensory Cortex Association Cortices Secondary Sensory Cortex Primary Sensory Cortex Primary Sensory Cortex Cross Modal Processing Mixing senses across brain areas Ex McGurk Effect Auditory Cue sound Visual Cue mouth movement Brain Senses what we hear Let s try our own experiment in Cross Modal Processing Parallel Processing Attend to many senses at once in parallel Parallel Processing Bottom Up Processing Construct a Parallel Processing Top Down Processing Conceptually driven constructed based on Perception Perception Perception Brain s of sensory info Assembles info into something Subliminal Perception Perceiving Processing info w o conscious awareness Subliminal Perception Can affect how we rate items Ex Subliminal Persuasion Subliminal messages do not alter our opinions We can t engage in in depth processing so subliminal messages not likely to alter our attitudes decisions Perception How does the brain do this Based on 3 things 1 What s there 2 What was there 3 What we remember from Perceptual Hypotheses Guessing at what s there Perceptual Hypotheses Based on Perceptual Sets Perceptual Constancy Shape Constancy Size Constancy Color Constancy Perceptual Sets Relationship btwn stimulus and context We perceive the world in accord with our preconceptions Perceptual Constancy Perceive object the same way across different conditions Perceptual Constancy Shape Constancy Perceptual Constancy Size Constancy Perceptual Constancy Color Constancy Selective Attention Focus in on one sensation Selective Attention Example Studying in a caf Hearing Smell Touch Taste Sight Selective Attention Filter Theory of Attention Broadbent 1957 Attention Info must pass through a mental filter Attend to what s important ignore what s not Cocktail Party Effect Pick out bits of relevant information Ex Binding Problem Hearing Smell Touch Taste Sight The 5 Senses The 5 Senses Vision Hearing Smell Taste Touch Vision Light Brightness Intensity Hue Color reds blue s Structure of the Eye Iris colored part Pupil hole through which light enters Pupillary reflex Structure of the Eye Cornea and Lens bend light to focus it on the retina Retina The back of the eye Where light converted to neural activity Contains rods cones Adapted from LivePsych by Pearson Inc Rods Basic shapes and forms Low light Can cause negative after image when rods fatigued Cones Sensitive to detail Require more light Structure of the eye Ganglion Cells Their axons project from retina to brain Axons called optic nerve Create a
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