Software enables computing devices to perform tasks BMGT301 FINAL EXAM Operating Provides a common set of controls for managing hardware Microsoft Windows Linus and Mac OSX Application range from end user programs like those in Office to the complex set of programs that manage a business s inventor payroll and accounting Microsoft Office Oracle and EA Sports Madden NFL Algorithm A set of instructions or steps Defines the environment sequence and logical flow of accomplishing a task or set of tasks example Recipe Software as a service application in user s data are stored off site in a central location run by the provider The provider is in charge of all IT support services Monthly service fee applies Cloud computing replace computing resources HW SW with services provided over the internet Utility computing pay as you go TCO Total cost of ownership all of the costs associated with the design development testing implementation documentation training and maintenance of a software system Open Source Software software is free and anyone can look at modify the code o Proprietary software Proprietary Model Open Source Model o Licensor distributes source code o Licensor distributes object code only source code is kept secret o Modifications are prohibited o All upgrades support and development are done by licensor o Fees are for software license maintenance and upgrades prohibited o Modifications are permitted o Licensee may do its own development or hire any third party for maintenance and development o Fees if any are for integration packaging support and consulting o Sublicensing is typically o Sublicensing is permitted licensee may have to distribute the source code program and modifications Proprietary Model Open Source Model Secrecy in development and processes Higher revenues Higher costs Greater Control Very little Interoperability with competing standards Limited Upgrades and Punctuated Development Product Bundling Microsoft Office Transparent process and development Minimal revenue Low costs Lesser control Open Standards High degree of interoperability Continuous Upgrades and Development Targeted for specific tasks BMGT301 FINAL EXAM Quality Constraints Why Strict licenses Quality is usually higher than proprietary software Licenses may not be standard Business Models Varied can include selling services licensing OSS for incorporations into commercial products and using OSS to fuel hardware sales Systems Analysis and Design SDLC system design life cycle The waterfall development method o 1 Project Planning define scope of project and identify tasks requirements and procedures and create budget baseline project plan Challenges Sackman Experiments estimating duration and costs o 2 Analysis Requirements Determination requires inputs processing and outputs analysis of the current system Challenges Clients and analysts have different vocab different assumptions and difficulty communicating Clients don t really know what they want changes during analysis o 3 System Design Detailed Design goal system specification blueprint Outputs sample reports screen mockups etc Inputs sample data entry screens forms etc Storage Databases and files o 4a Implementation Hardware and Software Primary Development and programming o 4b Testing user feedback bug fixes business process changes o 4c Roll out introducing it o 5 Maintenance corrective adaptive and preventive perfective Acquisition Strategies package off the shelf buy rent free Outsourced custom development in house development Goal vs requirements vs implementation ideas o Functional and non functional requirements Criteria for evaluating requirements Network Effects IS Metcalfe s Law n n 1 network externalities When the value of a product service increases as its number of users expands Often stated as approximately N squared Occur when value increases as consumption increases 1 sided vs 2 sided network o 2 sided some networks have two types of participants each side values the product service more if the other side also adopts it NETFLIX cross side Source of network effects Wikipedia facebook linkedin etc IT and Sourcing The World is Flat whatever can be done will be done whether it s by you or to you o It creates a platform that creates connection and collaboration Technology has changed the way knowledge work can be Impacts of technology span all levels Outsourcing onshore or offshore o Onshore own country with contract o Offshore another country with contract o In house own country with own company o Offshoring another country with own company o Web 2 0 a term broadly referring to internet services that foster collaboration in information sharing page 97 Wikipedia is an example BMGT301 FINAL EXAM Differentiates from Web 1 0 Peer production users collaborate to create content provide services online Example Wikipedia and YouTube Crowdsourcing take a job usually performed by a designated agent employee and outsource it to a large unspecified group of people in the form of an open call websites with ideas to create something Prediction Markets a diverse crowd is polled and opinions aggregated to forecast an outcome ex Best Buy Individual provider individual user peer production Individual provider company user crowd sourcing Company provider individual user customer self service Company provider company user outsourcing Information Goods An info good is collection of symbols which are easily digitized Ex Books Music Movies Financial Reports Other side of spectrum from Physical Goods o Utility on arrangement not material o Tend to be similar to public goods o Non rival non excludable o High fixed costs very low marginal costs o Experience goods previewing browsing o Unique variable valuations o Easy to replicate and distribute Intellectual Property Protection creations of the mind Focused on developing a sustainable competitive advantage o Ability to earn higher than average profit in the industry Ex scientific discoveries engineering designs pharmaceutical formulas corporate names artist works Copyright automatic doesn t require formal filing grants rights for lifetime 70 years for author 95 years for a company o Can t be copyrighted Facts works in the public domain works created by the government ideas o Fair Use under 1st amendment use of copyrighted material is permitted without the author s consent under some circumstances Guidelines purpose and character of use nature of copyrighted work amount and substantiality of portion of work
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