Lecture Guide Social Psychology Part 2 Exam 5 Based in part on the text PsychSmart McGraw Hill 2013 Gen Psych F12 Social categorization Put people in groups based on shared characteristics Generally automatic and unconscious o In groups us social groups we identity with in groups heterogeneity recognize we o Out groups them groups we do not identify with out group homogeneity believe they differ similar Stereotype belief Characteristics you believe all group member share Preconceptions things you think before meeting o Can be wrong for group o Often wrong for individuals Prejudice prejudgment Attitude evaluation about members of a social group gen negative Example sexism racism but can be anything Origins of Prejudice Cognitive Roots categorize and stereotype automatically Social Roots in group bias belief in a just world Emotional Roots negative emotions nourish prejudice Realistic conflict theory if two groups fight over same thing they tend to dislike each other Scapegoat theory Learning Theory modeling R Discrimination behavior Stopping Prejudice and Discrimination Education about positives and similarities Laws Treat people differently only because of social group generally deny access rights or privileges 1 Equal status contact non competitive Esp if share common issues or problems Example robbers cave Jigsaw classroom Pro social behavior helping others Altruism Help with no expectation of reward May involve risk of harm One type helping a stranger When do we help a stranger in need 9 factors 1 We notice many not aware 2 Clearly a need ambiguous 3 We take responsibility Bystander effect more around less likely to help Result of group consensus diffusion of responsibility 4 We know how 5 Low risk to us 6 Good mood 7 Female in need esp males and attractive females 8 Same race ethnicity 9 When feel it is not victim s fault Social Relationships We are social beings Stages or Phases of Relationships Relationships central to our lives They provide some of best and worst parts of life A Initial Attraction 3 factors underlie initial attraction between strangers 1 Proximity more likely to get involved with people we are physically near 2 Familiarity we begin to like things we are exposed to repeatedly mere exposure effect Exception Cannot overcome bad first impression Mere exposure effect The more we see something familiar the more we like 3 Physical Attractiveness What makes someone attractive Initial Attraction Physical Attractiveness o Key role in romance and friendships 2 o Important but not most important factor o Matching hypothesis Exception Answer female friendships B Getting acquainted 3 factors impact viability of relationships 1 Reciprocal liking we tend to like people we think like us 2 Similarity we are drawn to those with similar qualities friend and romance Education Age Politics Physical Appearance SES Values Personality Interests Ethnicity Religion Etc 3 Desirable personality characteristics For life partners personal qualities more important than physical traits What are they C Maintaining Relationships Social Exchange Theory why we stay and why we go process 1 We assess cost and benies What we get what we give what are some 2 We determine relationship outcome what is the balance 3 We determine relationship satisfaction Compare outcome to expectations We accept different balances based on expectations o Past others fantasy fiction 4 We look at our commitment investments and alternatives Theories of Love Sternberg s triangular theory of love loving relationships comprised of a combo of these 3 Intimacy emotional component closeness warmth sharing Passion motivational force intensity desire sexual chemistry Commitment cognitive component decisions to stay or not Eight types possible by combining these 3 components for example we will look at 3 Romantic love passion and intimacy many dating relationships before commitment Companionate love intimacy and commitment many marriages after the passion fades close friendships 3 Consummate love passion intimacy and commitment what many Americans strive for in love What kind of relationships are the happiest The happiest relationships are the ones where both people are getting what they want from the relationship problems occur when one part of the couple wants something different than the other So there is not a happiest type it is a happiest situation 4
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