EDHD320 When Saturday December 17th 2011 8 00 AM 10 00 AM Content Early Adulthood Fall 2011 o Chapter 13 Physical and Cognitive o Chapter 14 Emotional and Social Middle Adulthood o Chapter 15 Physical and Cognitive o Chapter 16 Emotional and Social Late Adulthood o Chapter 17 Physical and Cognitive o Chapter 18 Emotional and Social The End of Life o Chapter 19 Death Dying and Bereavement Chapter 13 Early Adulthood Physical and Cognitive Development Biological Aging aging aka senescence begins When the body reaches maximum capacity and efficiency biological Biological Aging is genetically influenced declines in the functioning of organs and systems that are universal in all members of our species weakening o Basically your becoming an old fuck and your body is o Biological aging effects each part of the body at different times and differently for different people Reasons and Prevention of Obesity Causes o Heredity o Environmental Pressures decline in physical labor at the home and workplace o Increase in calorie intake o Adding weight between 25 50 years old is normal because basal metabolic rate BMR the amount of energy the body uses at complete rest gradually declines as the number of active muscle cells decreases Treatment o Well balance diet keep track of what you eat social support extended intervention exercise Piaget s Post Formal Operational Stage Final Stage More sophisticated abstract scientific and logical thinking than the formal stage People are able to process and analyze experiences and draw complex connections and patterns Example of Toys Crossword puzzle brainteasers etc Information Processing Strong storing information ability Critical thinking is very quick the mind is at the peak of taking in information and processing Understands a lot more because processing speed is very fast Criticisms Overemphasizes use of logic in problem solving Underemphasizes common sense intelligence cannot divorce cognition from affective social and pragmatic ties Only suited for the problems that call for scientific thinking and logical mathematical analyses Piaget assumed goal of mature adult to think like a scientist Kelly Does not apply to real life social or interpersonal problems Geared for the solution of closed system well defined problems needs controllable specific variables implies single correct solutions Real life has unlimited number of uncontrollable changeable and ill defined variables Does not recognize the relative nature of knowledge and the need to adopt multiple frames of reference Places a great emphasis on problem solving that on problem finding Wertheimer Often in great discovery the most important thing is a certain question is found Perry s Epistemic Cognition Epistemic Cognition refers to our reflections on how we arrived at facts beliefs and ideas For Example Holsten thinks he s cool but I don t so using this definition I will go back and pin point all the reasons why Holsten is a fag and justify my conclusion If I can not justify it then ill have to revise my conclusion and seek a more balanced adequate route aka admit he s not a fag to acquire knowledge Perry wondered why young adults respond in different ways to ideas they encounter in college Younger students regarded knowledge as separate beliefs whose truth is found by comparing them to standards o They engaged in dualistic thinking which is dividing information values and authority into right and wrong good and bad and we and they o Example Believing an authority figure no matter what Career Decision Making aka Vocational Choice Older students have realistic thinking viewing all knowledge as embedded in a framework of thought Aware of a diversity of opinions on many topics they gave up the possibility of absolute truth in favor of multiple truths each relative to its context Thinking is more flexible and tolerant thus the relativity thinker is acutely aware that each person creates his or her own truth o Example Theories change all the time there is no right way to think because there are many viewpoints beliefs can be subjective The most mature thinkers progress to commitment within relativistic thinking instead of choosing between opposing views they try to formulate a more satisfying perspective that synthesizes contradictions Fantasy Period Tentative Period o Early and middle childhood children gain insight into career options by fantasizing about them Professional Athlete o Ages 11 16 adolescents thinks about careers in more complex ways at first in terms of their interests and then as they become more aware of personal and educational acquirements for each job in terms of abilities and values Ex High school students learn about different options and how they fit their interests Realistic Period o Late teens and early 20 s young people narrow options o First step is exploration gathering information about possibilities that blend with their characteristics and finally crystallization getting a good idea on what you want to do Ex College students pursuing business and then picking Finance as a major Chapter 14 Early Adulthood Emotional and Social Development Resilience in Emerging Adulthood The transition to adult roles has become so delayed and prolonged that it has spawned a new transitional period extending from the late teens to the mid twenties called Emerging Adulthood o This stage exists because there is no concrete age where people agree that they have reached adulthood Resilience is the capacity to overcome challenge and adversity Growing up with more of the following resources makes the transition from childhood to adulthood easier Cognitive Attributes Effective planning and decision making Good school performance Emotional and Social Attributes Positive self esteem Strong moral character Social Supports Positive relationships with parents peers teachers and mentors Sense of connection to social institutions school church workplace and community center Vaillant s Adaption to Life o Valliant studied men born in 1920 in college and then re interviewed them about their lives and health at ages 40 60 and 70 o Valliant found that relationships with people shaped lives and he confirmed Erikson s stages but filled gaps between them 20 s intimacy concerns 30 s career consolidation 40 s generative stopped individual achievement and gave 50s 60s keepers of meaning concerned about younger back generous generation and society 70s spiritual reflective about meaning of life Levinson s Season of