Lecture Guide Social Psychology Part 2 Exam 5 Gen Psych F12 Based in part on the text PsychSmart McGraw Hill 2013 Social categorization put people in groups based on shared characteristics generally automatic and unconscious age hair color occupation etc helps us make decisions about the world and feel better In groups us social groups we identify with in group heterogeneity recognize we differ Out groups them groups we don t identify with out group homogeneity believe they similar people tend to prefer in group over out group Stereotype belief characteristics you believe all group members share can be positive negative or neutral preconceptions things you think before meeting can be wrong for group often wrong for individuals Prejudice prejudgement generally negative attitude evaluation about members of a social group Ex sexism racism can be anything Origins of Prejudice Cognitive Roots categorize and stereotype automatically own group deserve Social Roots in group bias people tend to prefer their belief in a just world people get what they helps us feel safe Emotional Roots negative emotions nourish prejudice are the chance each other increases realistic conflict theory when 2 groups fighting over the same thing that they don t like Ex high unemployment limited housing negative a group with less power take it out on them scapegoat theory when we have emotions we find and Learning Theory modeling learn from the behaviors of people around us reinforcement getting encouraged or praised for behaviors Discrimination behavior treat people differently only because of social group generally deny access rights or privileges prejudice and discrimination generally go hand in hand but sometimes there is no connection Stopping Prejudice and Discrimination Education about positives and similarities people tend to be afraid of what they don t know Laws make it illegal to discriminate against people because of their group orientation cannot make laws directly against prejudice Non competitive equal status contact especially if share common issues or problems Ex Robbers Cave 1961 researcher wanted to show how easy it is to discrimination and prejudice Put 22 groups and had them make flags ate at different times get in groups out groups boys into 2 lived in different cabins After 2 weeks had a competition prejudice and hostility was almost instant Jigsaw Classroom
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