Cultures Contexts Political Empires NNNN oooo tttt eeee bbbb oooo oooo kkkk CCCCrrrreeee aaaatttt eeee dddd TTTT aaaagggg ssss yeaeun94 s notebook 2 12 2013 9 32 AM Contexts Cultures Empires mediterranean Roman Empire 450 CE Time of Atilla the Hun UUUU pppp dddd aaaatttt eeee dddd 2 12 2013 10 58 AM 476 CE Last emperor of the Roman Empire The Fall of the Roman Empire loss of center cognition architecture of the empire is changing size of cattle decreased indicating lower standard of living shipwrecks communication Religion The idea of universalism was because there was no specific location Istanbul aka Constantinople Byzantia Origin of Orthodox Byzantine Empire 324 1453 largely resembles the Roman Empire Perhaps the taking over of Italy was too much of a strain on the empire Largely Christian The rise of Islam begins Justinian 6th century Emperor 30 40 000 people in the government Eunuchs Castrated Trained to become Emperor s servants loyal intermediaries Military included slaves Up to 72 languages spoken in the empire Greek Elite Latin Arabic etc Byzantine church was willing to translate and preach in different languages Probably led to Russian Orthodoxy Catholic Church continued to use Latin Mecca connected to Roman and Byzantine empire A man named Muhammad claimed that God spoke to him Islamic Caliphates Words Names Places Muhammad Mecca Medina Ka ba hijra pilgrimage to Mecca umma Abu Bakr Kahlifa caliph Shi te Sunni dar es salaam the world of peace inside Islam dar al harb world of war outside Islam Umayyad Caliphate Abbasid Caliphate Quaran Fatimid Caliphate Seljuk Empire Byzantine Empire is weakened by conflict with Persian Empire Islamic Expansion Frankish Kingdom to Carolingian Empire 768 Charles born Vertical nature of the government Used royal agents to oversee the entire government Charles as an emperor cultivated learning respected the people but couldn t write illiterate Coins were standardized Taxation All 3 Empires Universalization of Religion Is religion be a unifying or dividing factor Class tensions