Info Systems Development For Business Students Learning Objectives Identify the phases in the SDLC Explain the key issues in all phases Particularly of significance Feasibility Criticality of Requirements Definition Buy vs Build Types of Testing Change Control Cost of Fixing Errors Introduction SDLC 3 Systems Development Life Cycle PHASE 1 PLANNING Planning phase involves establishing a high level plan of the intended project and determining project goals Primary planning activities from a strategic point of view include Identify and select the system for development 1 2 Specify Project Goals 4 PLANNING 2 Assess Project Feasibility Feasibility study determines if the proposed solution is feasible and achievable from a financial technical and organizational standpoint Different types of feasibility studies Economic feasibility study Operational feasibility study Technical feasibility study Schedule feasibility study Cultural Organizational Change study Legal and contractual feasibility study 5 Six Tests For Feasibility Operational feasibility a measure of how well a solution meets the system requirements Cultural or political feasibility a measure of how well a solution will be accepted in an organizational climate Technical feasibility a measure of the practicality of a technical solution and the availability of technical resources and expertise 6 Six Tests For Feasibility Schedule feasibility a measure of how reasonable the project timetable is Economic feasibility a measure of the cost effectiveness of a project or solution Legal feasibility a measure of how well a solution can be implemented within existing legal contractual obligations 7 PLANNING 3 Develop the Project Plan Developing the project plan is a difficult and important activity The project plan is the guiding force behind on time delivery of a complete and successful system Continuous updating of the project plan must be performed during every subsequent phase during the SDLC 8 Systems Development Life Cycle PHASE 2 ANALYSIS Analysis phase involves analyzing end user business requirements and refining project goals into defined functions and operations of the intended system Primary analysis activities include 1 Gather business requirements 2 Create process diagrams system blueprint 3 Perform a buy vs build analysis 9 ANALYSIS 1 Gather Business Requirements Business requirements the detailed set of business requests that the system must meet in order to be successful Different ways to gather business requirements Joint application development JAD session where employees meet to define or review the business requirements for the system Interviews Questionnaires Observations Review business documents 10 ANALYSIS 1 Gather Business Requirements The system users review the requirements definition document and determine if they will sign off on the business requirements Requirements definition document contains the final set of business requirements prioritized in order of business importance Sign off the system users actual signatures indicating they approve all of the business requirements This is where you the business student may be involved With this process 11 ANALYSIS 1 Gather Business Requirements Business requirements are critical This is what the developer will use to build your system Requirements must be Specific Clear Unambiguous Measurable Not dictate design If you can t test it it s not a requirement Improve Customer Satisfaction is not a valid requirement 12 ANALYSIS 2 Create System Model Diagrams Process modeling graphically representing the processes that capture manipulate store and distribute information between a system and its environment Common process modeling diagrams include Data flow diagram DFD illustrates the movement of information between external entities and the processes and data stores within the system ER Diagrams data Event Diagrams Stimulus Response In analysis phase create initial diagrams to better understand the problem 13 ANALYSIS 3 Perform a Buy vs Build Analysis An organization faces two primary choices when deciding to develop an information system 1 Buy the information system from a vendor Commercial off the shelf COTS software package or solution that is purchased to support one or more business functions and information systems SCM CRM and ERP solutions are typically COTS 2 Build the information system 14 ANALYSIS 3 Perform a Buy vs Build Analysis Three key factors an organization should also consider when contemplating the buy vs build decision 1 Time to market 2 Availability of corporate resources 3 Corporate core competencies 15 Systems Development Life Cycle PHASE 3 DESIGN Design phase involves describing the desired features and operations of the system including screen layouts business rules process diagrams pseudo code and other documentation 16 DESIGN 2 Design System Models Modeling the activity of drawing a graphical representation of a design Detailed diagrams in this phase Different modeling types include Graphical user interface GUI GUI screen design Dialogue Diagram Input Output Formats 17 Systems Development Life Cycle PHASE 4 DEVELOPMENT Development phase involves taking all of the detailed design documents from the design phase and transforming them into the actual system Primary development activities include 1 Develop the IT infrastructure 2 Develop the database and programs 18 Systems Development Life Cycle PHASE 5 TESTING Testing phase involves bringing all the project pieces together into a special testing environment to test for errors bugs and interoperability in order to verify that the system meets all the business requirements defined in the analysis phase Primary testing activities include 1 Write the test conditions 2 Perform the system testing 19 TESTING 2 Perform System Testing Different types of testing Unit testing tests each unit of code upon completion Application or system testing verifies that all units of code work together Integration testing exposes faults in the integration of software components or units Backup and recovery testing tests the ability of an application to be restarted after failure Documentation testing verifies instruction guides are helpful and accurate User acceptance testing UAT tests if a system satisfies its acceptance criteria 20 Systems Development Life Cycle PHASE 6 IMPLEMENTATION Implementation phase involves placing the system into production so users can begin to perform actual business operations with the
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